Farming in the Free Market: The Impact of the Dismantling of the Canadian Wheat Board on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Oil and Grain Seed Farmers in Saskatchewan
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Harper Government's dismantling of the Canadian Wheat Board’s (CWB) marketing monopoly in 2012 can be understood as part of a broader political project to liberalize Canada’s agriculture sector. While this policy shift has transformed Canada’s position within the global economic system, the impact it has had on small and mid-sized farmers in the grain sector is largely unknown, particularly with regards to mental health and well-being. The purpose of this research was to examine the social, political and economic impacts that removing the CWB has had on the lives of grain and oilseed farmers in Western Canada. This research’s methodology relies on both the ontological and epistemological assumptions of critical realism and employs a critical materialist political economy framework. A total of 29 semi-structured, open-ended interviews were included for this research study, including 17 Saskatchewan grain farmers and 12 individuals classified as relevant informants. This research found that the dissolution of the CWB had a tremendous impact on both farmers and their communities. The loss of the CWB likely exacerbated inequalities between farms, hastening the consolidation of farmland and contributing to rural depopulation. The issue of the CWB was also found to be highly divisive. A majority of farmers expressed either strong support or opposition to CWB, reflecting ideologically informed beliefs with regards to the benefits of collective marketing versus the marketing freedom respectively. For the most part, perceptions of farming post-CWB differed between these groups. Opponents of the CWB reported less overall stress with regards to grain marketing compared with CWB supporters. Perceptions of market competition, control, and transparency also varied with ideological views; CWB opponents generally believed they had greater control over their operations, faced adequate competition, and saw the current system as more transparent compared with CWB supporters. Farmers in both groups, however, identified corporate concentration and lack of adequate competition in the grain sector a major concern and source of stress. Given that the CWB remains highly divisive, solutions to improving farmer market power and thus reducing farmer stressors with regards to marketing may rest on reducing corporate power and concentration through legislation rather than reinstating a single desk marketing board, although that is an option that should be seriously considered as well.
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,016 | 0,009 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».