Investigating Impacts of Twenty-Four-Hour Movement Behaviours on Healthy Ageing in Older Adults

The impacts of 24-hour movement behaviours [a term that collectively refers to physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep] on healthy ageing in older adults is understudied. Of this limited literature, the extent of associations between movement behaviours and healthy ageing outcomes are largely hampered by flawed methodological approaches for analysing movement behaviour data. My aim with this thesis research is to use an integrated approach to more closely examine associations between daily movement behaviours and two key determinants of healthy ageing: quality of life (QOL) and depression symptoms. The objectives are to: 1) synthesise and critically examine the literature on movement behaviours and QOL; 2) employ compositional data analysis to examine associations between movement behaviours and QOL and depression symptoms, respectively to determine if associations still hold, and how effects of changing time spent between movement behaviours impact these two outcomes relative to the time spent in remaining behaviours, focussing exclusively on the Canadian older adult population ≥ 65 years of age. Manuscript one is the first to systematically review the literature on movement behaviours and QOL in older adults using an integrated movement behaviour approach. It is also the first to represent QOL by distinct domains, and to categorise and group study results accordingly. Overall, the findings indicate that movement behaviours are associated with QOL. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is favourably associated with QOL. The evidence regarding light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), SB and sleep duration is inconsistent. Subsequently, two empirical studies applied a compositional data analysis framework to data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Results from both analyses show that older Canadians spend most of their time across the day in SB and sleep, with limited activity and that daily movement behaviour composition is strongly associated with QOL and depression symptoms, respectively. In manuscript two, results show how reduction in time spent sedentary and increases in PA and sleep improve QOL. In manuscript three, results show how replacing time in MVPA with equivalent time from any other behaviour is associated with increase in depression symptoms. In both manuscripts, stratified analyses indicate that effects differ by sex and age group (younger old versus older old). Collectively, the findings from this thesis research demonstrate that the way older adults spend their time in movement behaviours throughout the course of a day has implications for healthy ageing. The work provides new avenues for researchers to explore how 24-hour movement behaviours are related to older adult health.

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