The Social Trifecta of Human Misery and Problematical Constructions of the Self: Implication for Formation and Supervision
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Coupled to this strategy, Cushman demonstrates, is its spiritual partner-"the promise of individual salvation through the liberation of the self." 2 Freedom was redefined.It no longer meant freedom of conscience, religion, or speech.It now meant freedom to consume-whatever, whenever, and as much as we want.This has produced what Andrew Bacevich contends lies at the root of the current US crisis-a profligate society who's right to consume must be defended, politically and militarily, at all costs.This is the new democracy. 3hilip Cushman goes farther, however.He notes that the predominant configuration of the self in this society-the "empty self"-is "the engine that makes it all run." 4 The empty self is a hungry self, insatiable toward anything that might fill the void.He shows that the psychological theories that came to dominate psychotherapy in the US-object relations theory and the self psychology of Heinz Kohut-became popular precisely because they articulated so well the dynamics of the empty self.What they failed to recognize, however, is that this form of the self is not universal or inevitable, but is itself the product of a society based on consumerism.Further, by treating the sufferings inherent to the empty self without recognizing its social origins, psychotherapy in the US has inadvertently become a supporter of the status quo.In Cushman's words: "Psychotherapy is permeated by the philosophy of self-contained individualism, exists within the framework of consumerism, speaks the language of self-liberation, and thereby unknowingly reproduces some of the ills it is responsible for healing." 5 Cushman also notes that the most dominant theory of psychotherapy in the US-cognitive-behavioral therapy-became important as a way to professionally manage the self as a component in the marketplace of production and consumption.Although it is difficult to isolate the impact of consumerism on human suffering apart from the other two factors of the 'social trifecta,' I believe that it is a major contributor to the fragmentation of society.This fragmentation, in turn, leads directly to many, if not most, of the problems which bring people to pastors and counselors for help.In a groundbreaking study, for example, Canadian psychologist Bruce Alexander uses sociological and historical critical analysis to demonstrate that all the various addictions now proliferating globally are primarily due to psychosocial disintegration.In order to delineate the meaning of psychosocial disintegration, he understands psychosocial integration as follows:'Psychosocial integration' is a profound interdependence between individual and society that...reconciles people's vital needs for social belong-
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Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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