Three Essays in Behavioral Economics and Macroeconomics: Unraveling Celebrity Influence on Philanthropy, Racial Disparities in Donation Decisions During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This dissertation encompasses three chapters. Two delve into behavioral aspects of charitable donations during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating celebrity influence and racial disparities, as well as risk preferences. The third chapter shifts to macroeconomics, examining the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Saudi Arabia over a long-term horizon. The first chapter investigates the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements on charitable giving during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants' donation decisions were compared after exposure to celebrity and non-profit expert endorsements. Logistic regression and Ordinary Least Squares regression were used to analyze the impact of independent variables on the likelihood and total amount of donations. Findings suggest that celebrities did not significantly affect overall donation behavior, consistent with previous research. The study found no significant difference between celebrity and expert endorsements in terms of donation decisions, underscoring that the primary challenge for non-profit organizations is outreach, as the choice of messenger appears to have minimal impact on donation decisions. The second chapter investigates donation decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically examining racial disparities in charitable giving and the relationship between risk preferences and donations. The analysis is based on the financial contributions made by the average US citizen to food banks in the fourth quarter of 2020. The study finds that a substantial portion of the population (57%) was willing to support charitable causes during this challenging period. Additionally, it reveals that Black participants were more likely to donate and, on average, donate more than individuals from other racial groups. This finding aligns with previous evidence highlighting the generosity of Black individuals in charitable giving. Contrary to some prior results, the study uncovers that risk-averse individuals, as indicated by their frequent use of masks during the pandemic, were more likely to donate. These insights shed light on the role of empathy and donation motivations, offering valuable implications for fundraising campaigns targeting diverse racial groups and individuals with different risk preferences. The third chapter explores the implications of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Saudi Arabia's economic growth, a topic of critical importance amidst the country's ongoing economic diversification under Vision 2030. We employ Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models to scrutinize the effects of FDI intensity on the Kingdom's economic performance, utilizing annual data. Results reveal no significant short-term impact of FDI on economic growth. However, there is a notable long-run equilibrium relationship among FDI, inflation, interest rates, and GDP per capita growth. Historical crises and real interest rates also significantly influence economic growth. These findings echo the existing literature on the non-significant short-term effect of FDI on Saudi Arabia's economic growth, while pointing to potential long-term relationships.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».