Children and adolescents with physical disabilities – describing characteristics and disability-related needs in the Kilimanjaro region, north-eastern Tanzania
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Children and adolescents with physical disabilities in North-Eastern Tanzania experience significant impairments in speech, mobility, communication, self-care, and walking. Rehabilitation services, which are vital for addressing these limitations, are either unavailable or difficult to access. There is an urgent need to improve access to rehabilitation services in urban and rural areas to enhance the well-being of these children. A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in the Kilimanjaro region from November 2020 to June 2021. The study involved 212 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years with physical disabilities.Trained research assistants interviewed primary carers of children using a questionnaire based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health – Children and Youth (ICF-CY) Framework. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27, and the Pearson chi-square test was applied to examine differences in needs based on age and sex. Nearly 40% of participants had severe impairments in speech (n=84) and joint mobility (n=79), while more than half (n=124) faced severe or complete difficulties in walking. Most participants experienced severe or complete challenges with self-care tasks, including personal hygiene, toileting, dressing, eating, and drinking. Almost 70% (n=135) of households were located near health facilities that lacked rehabilitation services, and around a quarter (n=51) of participants had never received rehabilitation services. Additionally, over 90% of the children (n=196) required assistive devices, and 193 required therapeutic exercises, with more than three-quarters needing nutritional support (n=162) Understanding the magnitude of disability-related needs is essential for generating evidence to guide planners and stakeholders. Assessing the specific characteristics of disabilities is also vital in improving targeted interventions. This study highlights the critical need for services and support, including assistive devices and rehabilitation, to address the impairments and challenges children and their families face. The general aim was to describe the characteristics and disability-related needs of children and adolescents with physical disabilities in the Kilimanjaro region, North-Eastern Tanzania. The specific aims are to: first, describe characteristics such as social demographics, types of diagnoses and self-reported complications; second, describe impairments (visual, hearing, speech, joint mobility) and activity limitations (communication, mobility, washing, toileting, dressing, eating, drinking), and third, describe the services available (nearby healthcare facilities, access to rehabilitation, possession of health insurance).
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».