Phyllium hennemanni Cumming, Foley, Le Tirant & Buscher 2025, sp. nov.

Phyllium hennemanni Cumming, Foley, Le Tirant & Büscher sp. nov. Figs 12, 13, 14 Type material. Holotype (♀): South Sulawesi, Sulawesi Selatan, Bungadidi, II. 2011, local collector, ex coll. Sigetake Suzuki; tissue sample SB 0642; [ZSM]. Paratypes: (2 ♀♀, 18 eggs): (1 ♀) South-East Sulawesi, Sulawesi Tenggara, Tiulapolu (Tipulu), III. 2008, local collector coll. Sigetake Suzuki. (1 ♀) South-East Sulawesi, Sulawesi Tenggara, Tiulapolu (Tipulu), III. 2008, local collector ex coll. Sigetake Suzuki [coll. FH, No. 1091-1]. (5 eggs) South-East Sulawesi, Sulawesi Tenggara, Tiulapolu (Tipulu), III. 2008, local collector ex coll. Sigetake Suzuki [coll. FH, No. 1091 - E 1]. (1 egg) [ex ovipositor HT]: South Sulawesi, Sulawesi Selatan, Bungadidi, II. 2011, local collector, ex coll. Sigetake Suzuki [ZSM]. (9 eggs): South Sulawesi, Sulawesi Selatan, Bungadidi, II. 2011, local collector, ex coll. Sigetake Suzuki [coll. FH, No. 1091 - E 2]. (3 eggs): South Sulawesi, Sulawesi Selatan, Bungadidi, II. 2011, local collector, ex coll. Sigetake Suzuki [Coll RC, 20-086, 20-087, and 20-088]. Differentiation. Male unknown. Female Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. (Fig. 13) are most similar to Phyllium mamasaense and Phyllium letiranti due to similar femoral lobe shapes / serration and genitalia. Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. can be differentiated from Phyllium letiranti by the ventral coxae coloration, as Phyllium letiranti has orange ventral coxae coloration while Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. has a distinct black spot on both the meta- and mesocoxae. Additionally, these species can be differentiated by the mesopleurae of the thorax as Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. has small nodes throughout the length (giving them a rough marginal texture; Fig. 13 F) and the mesopleurae angle towards the anterior at a stronger angle, terminating before reaching the anterior end of the mesoprescutum (vs Phyllium letiranti which has distinct spiniform tubercles and the mesopleurae reaching to the anterior margin of the mesoprescutum). Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. females are most morphologically similar to Phyllium mamasaense and even have the same ventral coxae coloration (black spots on both the meta- and mesocoxae), but these species can be differentiated by their thorax and antennae morphology. In Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. the mesopleurae margins have small nodes (Fig. 13 F) vs Phyllium mamasaense which has distinct spiniform tubercles. The number of antennomeres allow differentiation as Phyllium mamasaense has nine segments while Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. has ten segments (due to the segment prior to the apical segment being split by a prominent suture and these two portions having different textures). The apical antennomere of Phyllium mamasaense is also stouter than the longer and thinner apical antennomere of Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. (Fig. 13 B). Eggs of Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. (Figs 12, 14) are distinct from all known phylliid species eggs due to the autapomorphic trait of a pair of posteriorly attached, lateral flaps which create a hollow cavity between the flap and the actual egg capsule (Fig. 12). The main feature of Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. eggs which is similar to other known phylliid species is the raised, fused frill running around the margin of the operculum (Fig. 12 A). The only other species with such a distinct fused capitular frill are Phyllium mamasaense, Phyllium ericoriai, and Phyllium bonifacioi. While the opercular coverage of Phyllium ericoriai and Phyllium bonifacioi is formed by a frill of upright standing pinnae, the structure in Phyllium mamasaense and Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov., are more similar as these opercular pinnae are fused on their entire length (Fig. 14 C). All three of these species besides Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. lack lateral flaps on the egg capsule and instead have reinforced ribs (pinnae “ type 4 ” as designated in Büscher et al. 2023). These three species can be differentiated from Phyllium hennemanni sp. nov. by these lateral reinforced ribs (and these reinforced ribs allow differentiation from all other phylliids as well). Description. Female. Coloration. Coloration description is based upon the type material, which is dead and dried reasonably well (not too many dark rotten areas; Fig. 13). The general coloration is pale green throughout (although some areas have faded to yellow, likely due to the drying process). There are several areas, commonly occurring on other Phyllium species, which appear to be more variably marked with muddled brown / tan coloration; these areas are: the protibiae, profemoral interior lobe, mesofemoral lobes, and the margins of abdominal segments VII and VIII. Meso- and metacoxae ventrally marked with a dark spot. Morphology. Head capsule approximately as long as wide, with a vertex that is smooth, lacking granulation (Fig. 13 B). The posteromedial tubercle is present, singularly lobed, but not very prominent (Fig. 13 B). Frontal convexity broad and ending in a blunted point; there are several short setae across the surface. Compound eyes slightly protruding from the head capsule, not bulbous, taking up ~ ¼ of the head capsule lateral margins (Fig. 13 B). Ocelli absent. Antennal fields slightly wider than the first antennomere width. Antennae consist of ten segments, with the terminal segment the narrowest and approx. the same length as the preceding four segments’ lengths combined (Fig. 13 B). Antennomeres VIII and IX appear derived from a single segment as they are tightly situated, but have a prominent suture separating them into two, and each segment has a distinct texture, with segment IX a rough, fuzzy texture (like segment X) and segment VIII smoother with sparse setae (like on segment VII; Fig. 13 B). Antennomeres I – VIII are smooth, and sparsely marked with short setae, the terminal two antennomeres are covered in short, dense setae, giving these segments a fuzzy appearance (Fig. 13 B). Thorax. Pronotum with slightly concave anterior margin and lateral margins that anteriorly start wide, angle inward strongly, then for the middle portion are angled more gently, followed by a strong incurve to the posterior margin (Fig. 13 F). The posterior margin is ~ ½ the width of the anterior margin (Fig. 13 F). The pronotum anterior margin has a prominent rim, while the lateral and posterior margins are less prominent. The pronotum surface is relatively smooth, with only a prominent pit in the center and a few furrows (Fig. 13 F). Prosternum, mesosternum, and metanotum are covered throughout by moderately spaced granulation (Fig. 13 D). Mesoprescutum slightly longer than wide, lateral rims with eight or nine nodes (none particularly prominent; Fig. 13 F). Mesoprescutum anterior rim prominently raised into a raised, broad sagittal spine (Fig. 13 F). Mesoprescutum surface smooth except for the slightly raised mesoprescutum sagittal crest marked with variably granulation throughout the length, but only along the sagittal crest; areas lateral to the sagittal crest smooth (Fig. 13 F). Mesopleurae begin to diverge ~ 1 / 3 of the way along the mesoprescutum, angle prominently away with straight margins (Fig. 13 F). Mesopleurae lateral margins with six or seven nodes with interspersed granulation throughout, giving the margin a rough textured appearance (Fig. 13 F). Face of the mesopleura slightly wrinkled, with two notable divots, one on the anterior margin and one near the middle (Fig. 13 F). Wings. Tegmina long, reaching onto abdominal segment VIII. Tegmina venation; the subcosta (Sc) is the first vein in the forewing, running parallel with the margin for the first ½, and then bending and running towards the margin. The subcosta runs for ~ 1 / 3 of the tegmina length. The radius (R) spans the central portion of the forewing with two subparallel branched veins; the first radius (R 1) branches ~ ¼ of the way through the wing length and terminates slightly proximal to the midline; the radial sector (Rs) branches ~ 1 / 3 of the way through the wing length and terminates near the distal 1 / 3 of the wing length. There is a weak continuation of the radius following the prominent Rs branching which continues on as a short but distinct R – M crossvein that weakly connects the two veins. The media (M) is bifurcate with both the media anterior (MA) and media posterior (MP) terminating near to the posterior of the tegmina. There is a weak continuation of the media following the prominent media posterior (MP) branching which continues on as a somewhat long M – Cu crossvein that fades before fully connecting the two veins. The cubitus (Cu) is also bifurcate, branching near the posterior ¼ of the wing into the cubitus anterior (CuA) and cubitus posterior (CuP) which both terminate near the wing apex. The first anal vein (1 A) is simple and fuses with the cubitus ~ 1 / 3 of the way through the tegmina length. Alae vestigial, with their apex only just reaching abdominal segment I (~ 6.0 mm long as measured in a paratype). Abdomen. Abdominal segments II through the anterior 2 / 3 of IV gradually diverging. The posterior 1 / 3 of segment IV through the anterior 2 / 3 of segment VII are gradually and uniformly converging. The posterior 1 / 3 of segment VII is rounded inwards towards segment VIII which like VII starts converging gradually and then rounds inward to segment IX. Segments IX – X have straight, converging margins ending in a broad rounded apex (Fig. 13 H). Genitalia. Subgenital plate starts at the anterior margin of tergum VIII, is moderately broad, and extends most of the way onto tergum X. The shape is approximately teardrop-shaped, with the apex a fine point (Fig. 3 E). Gonapophyses VIII are long and moderately broad, reaching the apex of abdominal tergum X; gonapophyses IX are obstructed from view (Fig. 13 H). Cerci flat, slightly broadening to the apical ¼, with a slightly granular surface (Fig. 13 H). Legs. Profemoral exterior lobe broad, rounded, and obtusely angled

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