Patterns of Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Variation Among Anadromous and Freshwater Alewife (<em>Alosa pseudoharengus</em>) Populations
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The spread of exotic species, including the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), is quickly becoming one of the greatest threats to the earth's biological diversity. Alewives are native to the western Atlantic seaboard of the United States and Canada. Their life histories include both anadromous and freshwater forms. In the United States, introduced alewife populations have become established in the freshwaters of at least eighteen different states. Recent introductions of alewives into non-native, freshwater habitats have caused much concern because alewives negatively impact a number of other species, particularly salmonids. This thesis examined genetic variation within and among anadromous and freshwater alewife populations. The primary goal was to estimate genetic variation at six microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in order to clarify biogeography of the alewife. A total of 1062 individuals from 22 populations was examined. The genetic data from these fish were used to investigate hypotheses relating to the origins of alewives it the Finger Lakes of New York and in the North American Great Lakes, as well as four recently introduced alewife populations. This study provided evidence that freshwater alewife populations have significantly lower genetic diversity than anadromous populations for both microsatellite markers and mtDNA. The absence of unique microsatellite alleles and low levels of differentiation in freshwater alewife populations is consistent with the hypothesis that freshwater populations were recently derived from anadromous sources. The genetic data coupled with historical information suggests that the presence of alewives in the Finger Lakes and in the Great Lakes resulted from two independent colonization events and the Finger Lakes of New York were colonized by Hudson River alewives dispersing via the Erie Canal. At least one major reduction in population size (i.e. bottleneck) was associated with this process. In addition, Alewives in Lake Ontario were likely derived by colonization from Hudson River alewives dispersing via canals, although it is possible that the original colonists came from the St.Lawrence River. As with the population in the Finger Lakes, the alewives in Lake Ontario experienced at least one bottleneck. Subsequent colonization of the other Great Lakes from Lake Ontario invovled additional bottlenecks. This study also found that allelic variation at three of the six microsatellite loci (Asa4, Asa9, and Asa12) and mtDNA haplotype variation can be used as diagnostic tools for the identification of anadromous alewives. These markers suggest that alewives from East Grand Lake, Maine, East Twin Lake, Connecticut, and Lake St. Catherine, Vermont are of anadromous origin, while alewives from Northeast Pond, Maine are of freshwater origin.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».