COMPILED ARTICLE ABSTRACTS KEYNOTE ADDRESS (1) Michael Century Clashes and Conjunctures in the Epistemic Cultures of Studio-Laboratories

This talk summarizes the findings of a detailed study of how the first computer animation software systems were co-developed by groups of artists, engineers and scientists in various research and experimental development sites in the U.S.A. and Canada between 1965- 1985. The results emphasize and differentiate between the hybrid qualities of these sites, each of which sustained, with varying degrees of stability and longevity, the collaborative efforts of highly skilled individuals who are usually assumed to inhabit very different occupational worlds. These complex mixtures of disciplinary diversity, attitudes toward the conservation or surpassing of conventions, and means for motivating and organizing cooperative efforts, combine in the concept of epistemic culture to underpin the analytical framework. (Knorr-Cetina 1999) The study reveals how the social categories of artist, scientist, and engineer are losing their definitional stickiness, a result which offers a fresh perspective on de-differentiation in knowledge societies. Differences between these highly charged keywords of modernity are not dissolving outright, in an anything-goes style of postmodern leveling; instead, likenesses in the way they seek knowledge and organize work are more helpful in accounting for the outcomes of their interactions than the received, antithetic definitions. Epistemic cultures, in short, help reveal how artists and techno-scientists may be more alike in some ways than different, and to understand the consequences of this way of rethinking disciplinary verities for the organization of innovative work. The empirical material offers detailed analysis of six innovation scenes, 1965-85, blending accounts of the research agendas of scientific researchers and their institutional conditions with the artistic pre-occupations of the animators with whom they collaborated. Five are located in the United States, and one in Canada. The American

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