Breeding report of a new cold resistant peach cultivar Zhongnong Hantao 5

Zhongnong Hantao 5 is a new cold resistant peach (Prunus persica L.) cultivar selected from a cross between Fudao Taowang and Zhongnong Hantao 1 in 2013. The seed were sown in the hole plate in 2014, and the seedlings were planted in 2015. the hybrid trees started to fruiting in 2017. The strain recored as 2014-338 was selected as the primary superior strain. At the same time, the strain was propagated for futher evaluation. From 2018 to 2020, After 3 years of DUS testing, it was determined that the superior strain had specificity, consistency and stability. The tree growing potential was moderate, the tree posture was open. Zhongnong Hantao 5 had bisexual flowers in rose type. The fruit was round, the average single fruit weight was 100.2 g, the apex shape was round and flat, and the fruit tip was not pointed. The bottom color of the peel was yellow and white, the coloring degree of the fruit surface was red, the coloring pattern was halo, and the fruit surface was fuzzy. The flesh was hard and white, with no or very little subcutaneous anthocyanin. The fruit core had an oblate oval, sticky nucleus, and no tendency to cleft nucleus. The fruit had good fresh quality, sweet flavor, soluble solid content of 14.1%, titratable acid content of 0.15%, flesh firmness 14.91 kg·cm-2, and vitamin C content of 0.23 mg·g-1. In Huludao area, Liaoning Province, the tree blossmed in mid-April and the fruit was ripe in late July, and the fruit development period was about 100 days. It had strong self-fruiting ability and high yield, with an average annual yield of more than 1 655.03 kg·666.7 m-2. The variety had strong cold resistance, moderate resistance to gummosis disease and moderate sensitivity to brown spot perforation disease. It was suitable for spring planting in Huludao area, Liaoning Province and its similar ecological areas. The orchard should be established with a north-south row orientation, and the plant spacing should be 2 m×4 m. Wild peach (P. davidiana) could be used as the rootstock for grafting and propagation. A trellis-trained central leader tree shape should be adopted, with the tree height of about 2.5 m. The fruiting branch groups were directly borne on the central leader and evenly distributed. Winter pruning and summer pruning were suggested. In winter pruning, long-shoot pruning was employed, while in summer pruning, the main objective was to ensure proper ventilation and light penetration.

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