Expansion of the Nutrient Stewardship Framework: Implications of the Right Soil on Synthetic and Biological Technologies in Western Canadian Spring Wheat Production
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
To ensure the continued success of the agricultural system in meeting global food demand, evaluation of novel strategies or technologies needs to be frequently pursued. This process has been exemplified in Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) by the 4R framework for nutrient stewardship. This framework embodies management practices to improve sustainability without compromising productivity, specifically around nitrogen (N) fertilizer use. Consequently, the advent of novel technologies and shift towards a soil health paradigm illuminates the challenge of capturing these new practices under the current framework. As such, there is a compelling case for the expansion of this framework to include a 5th R, the right soil. The proposed expansion will allow for new management practices beyond the traditional 4R’s of right source, right rate, right time and right place to permeate into the agricultural system under and established policy. Innovation among technologies that enshrine the essence of nutrient stewardship, such as enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEF), and those that fall outside the traditional framework, such as microbial biotechnologies, needs to have their viability tested within the Canadian agricultural system. The objective of this body of work was to further our understanding of how new technologies, such as novel nitrogen stabilizers or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation, can influence N dynamics in Canadian spring wheat. Initially, the focus of this research was placed on gathering insights towards how currently available but not widely used EEF’s (i.e., alternative N source fertilizer formulations and various N stabilizers) could impact the crop productivity of Canadian wheat. This comparison among different N source fertilizers revealed that banded ammonium-nitrate based formulations can offer minimal crop productivity benefits over banded urea. Moreover, incorporation of banded nitrification or urease inhibitors into fertilizer regimes (i.e., EEF’s) provided little agronomic differentiation in spring wheat. This was likely due to the common practice of banding fertilizer limiting N loss potential under environmental conditions experienced in the Canadian Prairies. These observations highlight the need for new technologies or practices to be incorporated into the current paradigm in order to help drive future crop productivity advancements. New technologies that focus on soil health or functionality may have substantial impacts on already productive ecosystems. This can be emulated by the inoculation of symbiotic microbes involved in soil nutrient cycling (i.e., AMF) and has been proposed to be an untapped potential resource. Inoculation of the AMF species Rhizophagus irregularis in spring wheat has historically been met with mixed outcomes but has been shown to substantially influence N cycling and loss mechanisms. Testing of AMF inoculants in Canadian spring wheat has been limited, meanwhile there has been no assessments on the viability of using EFF’s in conjunction with novel biotechnologies. This research evaluated the individual practice of applying nitrification inhibitors or inoculating with Rhizophagus irregularis in a Canadian prairie spring red (CPSR) wheat genotype. This led to reduced N2O emission potential under each individual technology but increased N2O emissions when applied together in a greenhouse setting. Additionally, the field-based efficacy of commercial Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation was tested on numerous Canadian western red spring (CWRS) wheat varieties and a single CPSR variety. The field-based testing showed consistent crop productivity improvements occurring in only the CPSR wheat variety under specific site conditions. This disparity among wheat class was likely due to the physiological differences in varieties, while site specific conditions were influenced by N fertilization practices. These findings highlight the potential of novel biotechnologies to improve wheat productivity, while illuminating the need to appropriately capture their potential within a policy framework. This lends credence to the expansion of the 4R nutrient stewardship framework to include a 5th R, the right soil.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,006 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,009 | 0,009 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».