Investigating the Performance of Reinforced Glulam Beams Under Shock Tube Induced Blast Loading
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Glulam beams are widely used in timber construction due to their strength and versatility; however, they are prone to brittle failure under flexural loading, particularly in the tension zone. This study explores the effectiveness of Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcement using steel rebars and plates as a retrofit strategy to improve the structural performance of glulam beams, especially under extreme dynamic loads such as blast events. The reinforcement was applied by embedding steel elements into pre-cut grooves along the tension face of the beams and bonding them with epoxy. Three reinforcement ratios (0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.5%) were examined using 10M, 15M, and 20M rebars, respectively. In addition, steel plates were employed with a reinforcement ratio equivalent to the 15M configuration. Variations in plate positioning were investigated to assess the impact of horizontal versus vertical placement, offering practical solutions where side access to beams is limited. A total of sixteen reinforced beams were tested under both static four-point bending and dynamic blast loading, the latter simulated using a shock tube device at the University of Ottawa Structural Laboratory. The experimental results revealed that NSM reinforcement significantly enhanced the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and ductility of the beams. Strength increases ranged from 23.0% to 83.3%, while stiffness improvements were between 7.8% and 38.1%. Ductility ratios improved substantially, ranging from 1.1 to 7.2, and failure modes transitioned from brittle tensile rupture to more ductile compression crushing, indicating enhanced energy absorption and deformation capacity. The epoxy bonding system showed excellent performance, with no significant debonding or slippage observed during testing, except near ultimate failure. While some plate-reinforced specimens exhibited slip failures at the wood–epoxy or plate–epoxy interface, overall bonding integrity was maintained throughout the critical stages of loading. In dynamic tests, the reinforced beams exhibited higher resistance compared to unreinforced controls, confirming the potential of NSM systems for blast-resistant timber design. An analytical model based on layered-section analysis was developed to simulate the behavior of the reinforced beams. The model accounted for elastic, inelastic, and plastic hinge stages and treated the steel reinforcement as concentrated elements. Analytical predictions demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data, accurately capturing trends in strain, displacement, and force response. Overall, this research confirms that NSM reinforcement using steel rebars and plates is an effective and practical technique for improving the structural performance and blast resistance of glulam beams. The results contribute valuable insights into the design, application, and modeling of timber reinforcement systems under both static and extreme dynamic loading conditions.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».