Numerical Investigation of In-Plane Behaviour and Strength Prediction of Ungrouted Reinforced Masonry Walls
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This thesis investigates the structural behaviour and design implications of ungrouted reinforced masonry (UGRM) walls as a potentially supplementary alternative to conventional ones, such as fully grouted reinforced masonry (FGRM) or partially grouted reinforced masonry (PGRM) construction, in which grouting is essential in masonry block cells with vertical steel bars, and unreinforced masonry (URM) walls. While FGRM and PGRM walls achieve enhanced strength and stability through grout-bonded vertical reinforcement, they entail increased construction costs, labour intensity, and curing time due to the grouting. However, in UGRM walls, grouting is eliminated, but vertical steel bars remain, being anchored at the top and bottom of a wall without bonding in between. This absence of grout introduces a fundamental challenge: the lack of bond between steel and masonry potentially alters the load transfer mechanism, particularly under lateral in-plane loading. The motivation for exploring UGRM systems stems from the need for cost-effective, rapid-construction solutions. However, the lack of grout introduces uncertainties in the wall’s structural behaviour and design performance, which are not well addressed in existing studies and thus in masonry design standards/codes. Therefore, the central research question addressed in this study is: Can UGRM walls provide reliable in-plane strength and deformation capacity, and how can their strength be reliably predicted using analytical equations similar to those in the existing Canadian masonry standards for FGRM or PGRM walls? To address this research problem, this study is structured in two phases. The first phase of the thesis research focuses on investigating the in-plane behaviour of masonry walls with varying grouting and reinforcement bonding conditions. A total of 50 RM walls, encompassing a range of aspect ratios, were modelled using a simplified micro-modelling approach in ABAQUS. The results indicate that UGRM walls with unbonded reinforcement can achieve sufficient in-plane load carrying capacity and ductility, particularly in low-aspect-ratio configurations, thereby offering a viable and relatively economical alternative for non-slender masonry structures. The second phase of the research critically evaluates the load-carrying capacity of UGRM walls and suggests modifications in the load resistance equations for grouted RM walls in the CSA S304 to develop models applicable to UGRM walls based on extensive numerical simulation data (i.e., for 552 walls). Key parameters, including aspect ratio, axial load level, masonry compressive strength, and reinforcement ratio, were systematically varied. Findings reveal that the CSA S304 provisions, which are derived from fully grouted walls, significantly overestimate the shear and flexural strength of UGRM walls by up to two to three times in certain cases. Note CSA S304 provisions tend to underestimate the shear and flexural strengths of FGRM and PGRM walls as found in the literature. In this thesis, regression analyses were conducted to quantify the influence of each parameter and to develop modified empirical expressions tailored for UGRM walls. The proposed design model demonstrates strong agreement with the numerical results. However, it is important to note here that the numerical simulation data are treated as ground truth due to a lack of sufficient experimental tests, which should be conducted to fully address the critical gap before adopting the proposed models in design standards. Collectively, this preliminary work contributes to the understanding of UGRM wall behaviour and provides a basis for future code development aimed at improving both the safety and economy of masonry construction.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».