THE IMPACTS OF FREE TRANSPORTATION ON HEALTH: A SCOPING REVIEW OF GLOBAL LITERATURE AND A SASKATCHEWAN CASE STUDY ON OLDER ADULTS
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Transportation is one of the major social determinants of health, especially for older adults residing in rural and remote areas with limited mobility options. The closure of the Saskatchewan Transport Company in May 2017 in Saskatchewan created significant gaps in intercity transit as it connected smaller communities to resources, including delivery of goods and medications. This research reviewed the global literature on free transportation and health outcomes. It also explored the impact of a community-based free transportation initiative operated by the Kikinahk Friendship Center in La Ronge, Saskatchewan, on the well-being of older adults. Methodology: This thesis involved two interrelated studies- a scoping review and a qualitative case study. For the scoping review, four databases were searched, resulting in 8,745 articles which 28 studies met all the criteria. The qualitative case study involved 9 semi-structured interviews with older adults (65 years and older) and 6 conversation circles involving 18 community stakeholders, bus drivers, elders, and service users. Qualitative data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework. Findings: The scoping review revealed that there are different types of free transportation programs globally, including concessionary bus passes, bus passes for people with disability, rail transit passes, and passes connected to rideshare initiatives. Free transportation initiatives improve health and socioeconomic outcomes through enhancing accessibility to healthcare services, improving physical activity, obesity, depression, cardiovascular diseases, improved social inclusion, better access to essential services and better access to educational opportunities. The Saskatchewan case study revealed that free transportation influences the well-being of older adults in different ways and that the initiative faced major barriers. First, free transportation was seen as an important tool that influences health and daily living, by enabling access to healthcare, shopping, and cultural participation for older adults living in northern Saskatchewan. Second, older adults who made use of the free bus service reported emotional benefits including enhanced autonomy, reduced stress, and improved sense of dignity. Finally, barriers to the free bus service were identified, including lack of age-friendly bus stops, communication barriers, and inconsistency in financing the free bus service. Conclusion: Free transportation in many parts of the world is associated with improved health. Free transportation not only enhances access to health care for older adults but also supports their emotional and socioeconomic well-being. Having sustainable policy and stable funding mechanisms, improved communication, and age-friendly design are all essential to improving the effectiveness of free bus services. This research study adds to the growing literature advocating for transportation equity as an important tool in public health and policy planning for older populations.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,021 | 0,033 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,029 | 0,050 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».