Status of pulp and paper industry in Malaysia / Shahafini Saidi
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Pulp and paper product is very important to the world population. There fore many pulp and paper industry was build to fulfil the increase demand. Among the countries which has large pulp and paper industry are USA, Japan, China, Canada, Germany and Finland. The paper and paperboard industry has played an important role in the context of Malaysia' economic development and growth. This is particularly exhibited by the increasing demand for packaging grades of paper products, (Kevin, 1994). Among developing countries, Malaysia is considered to have one of the highest standard of living with and advanced level of economic development is reflected in a high per capita consumption of paper and paperboard. Each year Malaysia's import of this essential commodity is rising, (Peh et a/., 1986). Pulp and paper products industry in Malaysia continues to play and important role in Malaysia economic growth and development. The industry has been recognized as a vital sector to the Malaysian government. The emphasis is to produce locally and minimize imports. Malaysia pulp and paper industry currently consists of nineteen operating pulp and paper mills. Sixteen of these mills located in Peninsular Malaysia with five located in Kedah and Penang. There are eight paper mills in the central region, two in Perak, three in Selangor and another three in Pahang and in the southern region, two paper mills are located in Johore and one in Melaka. However in East Malaysia, there are three paper mills, two situated in Kuching, Sarawak and other is situated in Sipitang, Sabah, (Anonymous, 1999). Compared with other countries, Malaysian paper mills are considerably smaller in size and capacity. Seven of the mills are producing less than 10,000 metric tones per annum in the year 1998, between 11,000 to 80,000 metric tones are producing with eight mills and four mills produces between 100,000 to 300,000 metric tones per annum capacity. Malaysia total consumption in the year 1998 is around 1.5 million metric tones, (Anonymous, 1996). Malaysia has immense opportunity to increases its pulp and paper production. The Pulp and paper product is worth RM 2.4 billion annually. Malaysia could also take advantage of the needs of the region which remains a net importer of pulp and paper. Malaysia is becoming an exporter of office paper, soft packaging and white paper board, (Anonymous, 1997). The types of pulp and paper product in the world as printing, writing, wrapping sanitary, wrapping, corrugating medium, boxboard, sack kraft, liner board, newsprint, abaca pulp, ground wood paper, book paper, fine paper, tissue paper construction paper, container board, bending board, building board and many more, (Anonymous, 1994). The types of pulp and paper product in Malaysia available are newsprint, writing, printing, toilet/facial tissue, kraft/corrugating medium, industrial paper, cigarette and joss paper. (Peh, 1986). This paper tries to project the future of pulp and paper industry in Malaysia it also compares the pulp and paper industry demand and production from 1991 to 1999. Hopefully with the information given the pulp and paper industry will be able to benefit
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».