Researching Chlorophyll-Α Levels In Freshwater Lakes To Understand The Environmental State Of The Turtle Mountains Using NDCI Through Remote Sensing Techniques
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Chlorophyll α is one of the main indicators of water quality. Increasing levels have various triggers such as agricultural runoff, wastewater from treatment plants, sewage, and humus. Addressing chlorophyll α is crucial since high concentrations are precursors to eutrophication and are hazardous to human health. The Turtle Mountains in North Dakota and Manitoba is an island forest laden with lakes and trees. However, the noticeable extent of agricultural surface on the United States side of the border has made obvious the disintegration of forested area. Also, a lack of information and studies do not allow anyone to comprehend the level of damage the Turtle Mountains have already tolerated. Saving them could be too late.For this study, evaluating water conditions is the main avenue for initiating an understanding of the Turtle Mountains and its environmental status, primarily by gaining a sense of chlorophyll α levels in the area. Completing this requires computing the Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index through remote sensing. NDCI is meant to give a sense of chlorophyll α and is especially useful for inland waters. Mean NDCI values are compiled and graphed for lakes 0.027 square kilometers or 27,000 square meters or larger. The images used cover from around 1985 to 2021 and are during the months of June, July, and August. Using the mean NDCI values from lakes of the Turtle Mountains, two statistical tests are applied for diagnostic purposes. The Mann-Kendall statistical analysis is conducted to determine whether or not the values have significantly changed overtime. The difference of means test, or t-test, is completed to determine if there is a significant difference between average values on either side of the Canadian-United States border and between lakes surrounded with trees and lakes surrounded with agriculture. When considering chlorophyll α, agriculture is normally believed to be a primary culprit for poor water quality, and more lakes on the U.S. side of the border are surrounded by agriculture than lakes on the Canadian side of the border. As suspected, lakes in North Dakota generally have higher NDCI values then lakes in Manitoba. However, upon further analysis, trees appear to be increasing chlorophyll α concentration more than agriculture. Furthermore, NDCI values are decreasing overtime. The reason for this could be the amount of humus gathering in the freshwater lakes, which is notorious for agitating chlorophyll content. Humus is readily supplied by vegetation such as trees rather than crops form cropland. Plus, lowering NDCI overtime could be a response from ongoing deforestation. In any case, the main issue is knowing what approach to use to honestly determine the environmental state of the Turtle Mountains, especially since monitoring chlorophyll α alone does not provide an answer.
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».