Distribution, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio species isolated from cultured shrimp in Peninsular Malaysia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Vibrio, the most common bacterium associated with crustacean diseases, poses a significant threat to shrimp farming due to outbreaks of vibriosis. Therefore, the study aims to provide a comprehensive database on the distribution of Vibrio spp. as well as virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiling in Malaysian shrimp farms. Briefly, a total of 210 cultured shrimp were collected from seven farms in Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed that 225 presumptive Vibrio isolates were isolated from cultured shrimp which were then subjected to biochemical test and molecular detection using pyrH gene analysis. Eventually, 13 different Vibrio spp. were successfully isolated and characterized including Vibrio parahaemolyticus (55%), V. communis (9%), V. campbellii (8%), V. owensii (7%), V. rotiferianus (5%), Vibrio spp. (4%), V. alginolyticus (3%), V. brasiliensis (2%), V. natriegens (2%), V. xuii (1%), V. harveyi (1%), V. hepatarius (0.4%) and P. damselae (3%). Based on virulence genes assessment, eight of the eleven virulence genes in this study were detected, including chiA (89%), flaC (74%), tlh (72%), toxR (70%), luxR (40%), pirA (11%), pirB (11%) and hlyA (0.4%). Other virulence genes, such as tdh, trh and ctxA, were not detected in any isolates (0%). From the virulence gene assessment, three Vibrio isolates were chosen for the pathogenicity test based on highest number present in each of the species. The isolates including V. parahaemolyticus S12-3, V. campbellii S10-4, and V. rotiferianus S24-4 were tested by immersion challenge test against postlarvae (PL) Penaeus monodon approximately PL-20 with three different concentrations of 1 × 106 CFU/mL, 1 × 107 CFU/mL, and 1 × 108 CFU/mL. The LC50 result revealed that the lowest were V. parahaemolyticus S12-3 (1 × 105 CFU/mL) followed by V. rotiferianus S24-4 (1 × 1011 CFU/mL) and V. campbellii S10-4 (1 × 1013 CFU/mL). Moreover, histopathological analysis showed sloughing of epithelial cells in hepatopancreatic tubule, haemocytic infiltration, massive vacuolation and loss of hepatopancreatic tubule structure. Meanwhile, the majority of the species tested were resistant to penicillin G (100%), but susceptible to norfloxacin (96%). According to the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, 84% of Vibrio spp. exhibited a MAR index value of more than 0.2. Thus, the findings suggested that a large number of Vibrio spp. were resistant to several antibiotics and had been exposed to antibiotics on a regular basis at the farms. Plasmid profiling revealed that 125 isolates from a total 225 of Vibrio isolates harboured plasmid with the size ranging from 1 kb and above 10 kb, separating the isolates into 23 plasmid profiles. After plasmid curing, Vibrio-positive plasmid was lost resistance to antibiotics. The findings revealed that the resistance to antibiotics in isolated Vibrio spp. were either chromosomal or plasmid mediated. In conclusion, ongoing monitoring of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms as well as understanding the genetic basis of resistance are essential to implement a strategy for minimizing AMR strain yet to improve shrimp farming management in Malaysia.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».