Assessment of Public Awareness of Screenable Cancers in Northern Iran: A Cross-sectional Survey
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Cancer represents a significant challenge to society, public health, and the economy in the 21st century, accounting for nearly a quarter of all deaths caused by noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of cancer awareness among residents of Guilan, Iran, with particular attention to breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer (PC), cervical cancer (CC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. A total of 2304 individuals aged 30 to 80 were randomly selected from the telephone directory and interviewed between January 28, 2017, and January 28, 2019. After excluding 803 (31.43%) participants due to incomplete responses, the final analysis included 1,501 participants. The sample size was calculated based on a previous similar study. A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate their knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and screening methods for cancers that can be screened. To address potential bias, random digit dialing was employed, and trained interviewers used a validated questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for Windows, version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and plots were depicted using GraphPad Prism, Version 8.0.1 (GraphPad Prism Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.08 (SD = 12.53) and 50% were male. Most participants were employed (82.7%), married (73.8%), university-educated (34.9%) and urban residents (62.5%). About 573 (38.2%), 492 (32.8%), and 446 (29.7%) of participants had a good level of awareness in general, nutritional risk factors and signs/symptoms fields, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between gender and awareness scores in all three areas (P < 0.05), with notable gender differences in PC awareness (P = 0.006). Employed participants had significantly higher awareness of cervical (P = 0.01) and CRC (P = 0.04) than unemployed participants. Higher education was strongly linked to greater awareness for all four cancers (P = 0.001 for each). Additionally, higher Body Mass Index (BMI) was associated with better awareness of CRC (P = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings show the importance of targeted educational interventions, especially for men, the unemployed, less-educated, and urban populations, to enhance cancer awareness and support early detection and prevention efforts. However, this study has limitations, including its cross-sectional design, which prevents causal inference, and the use of telephone interviews, which may have excluded individuals without landline access. Future studies should include more diverse sampling methods to improve generalizability.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».