Characterizing sex differences in cannabis withdrawal during 28 days of cannabis abstinence
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Despite rising rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) worldwide, treatments for CUD remain ineffective. Cannabis withdrawal may be an optimal treatment target because it is a strong predictor of cannabis relapse. Symptoms begin 24 hours after cannabis cessation, peak within one week, and dissipate following 28 days of abstinence. Some research suggests that females experience greater cannabis withdrawal severity compared to males. However, these data are derived from studies that employed cross-sectional, retrospective designs or surveyed minimal abstinence periods (i.e., < 28 days). Since cannabis withdrawal can last for several weeks with fluctuations in severity, we examined sex differences in cannabis withdrawal severity during 28 days of cannabis abstinence.Methods: Males and females, between 18-80 years-old, with CUD or using cannabis ≥ 4 per week were enrolled. Participants were excluded if they had a current comorbid DSM-5 disorder (other than CUD). Participants underwent 28 days of cannabis abstinence supported by contingency management and weekly behavioural support sessions. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms were assessed at baseline and then weekly using the Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist (MWC). Cannabis abstinence was verified biochemically with twice-weekly urine analysis and the Timeline Follow-Back interview.Results: A total of 28 participants completed the study (n=5 males and n=3 females had dropped out). Twenty-three participants (n=14 male and n=9 female) remained cannabis abstinent throughout the study. Moreover, 5 participants (n=2 male and n=3 female) had relapsed. In total, twenty-three participants are included in our final analysis. After controlling for baseline MWC scores and recency of cannabis use, a repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was a significant time effect (F4, 76 = 2.92, p = 0.03) in MWC total scores over the 28 days of cannabis abstinence, as well as a significant interaction between time and sex (F4,76 = 4.14, p < 0.01). However, there was no significant between-group sex difference found in total MWC scores (F1,19 = 1.18, p = 0.29). Withdrawal severity for males followed the previously established trajectory, where symptoms peaked at day 7 and then dissipated by day 28. However, symptoms for females followed a different trajectory, where symptoms remain stable between days 0 and 28. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings demonstrate that cannabis withdrawal severity follows a different trajectory in both males and females. Additionally, we found a significant time*sex interaction in cannabis withdrawal severity when controlling for baseline values and recency of use. These results highlight the potential value of developing sex-specific CUD therapies that target cannabis withdrawal to optimize successful cannabis cessation rates
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».