Sunlight Inactivation of Human Virus and Surrogates: Towards an Understanding of the Role of Viral Structure, Spectral Shape, Environmental Matrix, and Weather Conditions
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Sunlight is a known biocide, and photo-driven inactivation is an important avenue for controlling viruses in both natural and engineered systems.However, there remain significant unknowns regarding damage to viruses by sunlight, including the impact of wavelength and viral characteristics.Herein, a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was conducted to identify inactivation rate constants (k-values) when exposed to solar wavelengths (280 -700 nm) for common human viruses and surrogates in natural and synthetic matrices.We identified 457 kvalues, with 356 for non-enveloped viruses.Extracted rate constants were transformed into UV fluence-normalized k-values to isolate the most photobiologically relevant wavelengths in the solar spectrum and reported for the first time in terms of energy, rather than time, based units.Each spectral region was assessed independently, with UVB illumination reporting the highest inactivation rates, UVA contributing to inactivation both in the presence and absence of photosensitizers, and visible light demonstrating no biocidal activity.To further develop our understanding of the role of varying wavelength, experiments were performed to determine the biological weighting function (BWF) for two bacteriophages commonly used as surrogates for human viruses, phi6 and MS2, under simulated sunlight conditions to assess endogenous inactivation.Viral suspensions in buffer were exposed to simulated sunlight for 8 hours through one of five optical filters with a 50% cutoff wavelength ranging between 280 and 395 nm.Calculating the BWFs of MS2 and phi6 demonstrated their comparative sensitivity to endogenous photoinactivation, with phi6 demonstrating an increased sensitivity to longer wavelengths; the first BWF reported for an enveloped virus or surrogate.Furthermore, inactivation experiments with varying carbon concentrations (0, 5 10, 20 mg/L) of Suwannee River natural organic matter were conducted to compare the relative importance of the exogenous vs endogenous pathway.Laboratory studies were complemented with aquatic mesocosm experiments performed in a fresh water glacial lake, Lac Hertel near Mont-St-Hilaire, Québec.Specifically, phi6 and MS2 bacteriophages, along with wastewater samples, were diluted into lake water and enclosed in dialysis bags.These bags were subsequently fixed in mesocosm and exposed to natural sunlight for a duration of four days.The dialysis bags were strategically positioned at two different depths within the water column to evaluate the effects of light attenuation and varying light penetration XIV in the lake water.This setup allowed for a detailed examination of how sunlight exposure at different depths impacts pathogen viability.Additionally, meteorological data from a weather station located near the lake were collected and analyzed to assess the impact of cloud cover and other weather conditions on the inactivation process and rates.Based on the results, the linear mix model has been built and emphasized that the inactivation rate constants can be significantly affected by weather conditions, time of the day, water depth, humidity and viral types.Overall, this thesis aimed to model and predict the inactivation processes for viruses with variant structures from lab environment to natural environment.The findings indicate that enveloped viruses show increased sensitivity to sunlight and the matrix composition relative to nonenveloped viruses.Both endogenous and exogenous inactivation were identified as significant mechanisms affecting both types of viruses.Furthermore, the composition variations resulted in distinct absorbance spectra, highlighting the importance of considering and evaluating the differences between laboratory conditions and natural environments in future research.In summary, this comprehensive study further elucidates the differential photoinactivation mechanisms of various viruses under sunlight, providing valuable insights for future virus monitoring and inactivation strategies.XV
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,013 | 0,022 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,010 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».