COMPARISON OF CANADIAN SEISMIC RISK SCREENING TOOL TO FEMA P-154 AND APPLICATION TO OTHER COUNTRIES

Seismic risk screening has been widely used as a cost-effective approach to exempt buildings with acceptable risk from further assessment and to prioritize buildings with potentially unacceptable risk for further assessment. The first screening tool in the U.S. (i.e., FEMA 154) was published in 1988 and updated twice in 2002 and 2015. The first screening tool in Canada was developed by the National Research Council Canada (NRC) in 1993, partly based on the 1988 edition of FEMA 154. Compared to this FEMA 154 edition that utilized a quantitative scoring approach based on probability of major damage, the NRC 1993 screening tool proposed a qualitative scoring approach based on seismic demand. Several attempts have been made later by Canadian researchers to update the NRC 1993 screening tool and to adapt the second edition of FEMA 154 to the province of Quebec. However, there is yet a lack of a nation-wide screening tool that incorporates the latest advances in the field of seismic risk assessment. To bridge this gap, NRC developed Level 2 – Semi-Quantitative Seismic Risk Screening Tool (SQST) as part of a multi-level framework for seismic risk assessment of existing buildings in Canada. The Level 2 – SQST consists of a quantitative structural scoring system, a qualitative non-structural component, and a ranking procedure. Specifically, the structural scoring system was based on the third edition of FEMA 154 yet has made major modifications/additions to suit the Canadian context. FEMA 154 and Level 2 – SQST are intended for use in the U.S. and Canada, respectively. Thus, it could be inappropriate to use these tools in other countries mainly due to the significant variation in the quality of building practice, seismic codes and design standards in different countries around the world. To expand the applicability of Level 2 – SQST to other countries around the world, several major modifications/additions were made. To demonstrate the differences of the 2015 edition of FEMA 154, Level 2 – SQST and the customized Level 2 – SQST, the structural seismic risk of a hypothetical building is assessed using these screening tools for two scenarios: (i) the building located in Canada, and (ii) the building located outside Canada. The results indicate that the effects of seismic categorization, building practice quality, and seismic code quality on the structural seismic risk are significant and should be properly addressed in seismic risk screening.

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