How are sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) addressed in UN conventions, treaty bodies, and decisions: a scoping review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sexual characteristics (SOGIESC) concepts are not mentioned in human rights treaties but are increasingly present in the activity of UN treaty bodies, resulting for instance in decisions, general comments and recommendations, concluding observations. Scholars have developed an increasing interest for this inclusion of SOGIESC in international law, more specifically human rights. However, the literature and case work of treaty bodies are not uniform but consist of a diversity of issues and cases under different conventions. A clearer understanding of the legal context could improve human rights advocates’ engagement and facilitate the inclusion of SOGIESC concepts in international human rights law. METHODS: This scoping review aims to better understand how treaty bodies address diverse SOGIESC issues, while illustrating information gaps and contemporary debates through academic literature. A search of two UN treaty bodies’ databases resulted in the inclusion of 58 documents related to treaty bodies’ activity and a search of six academic literature databases resulted in the inclusion of 57 documents that were thematically analysed. Following these key emerging themes, gaps are identified through a “Gender and Sexual Diversity Health and Wellbeing Critical Analysis”. RESULTS: While SOGIESC diversity is not mentioned within any treaty, it is nonetheless present through an evolutive interpretation of human rights treaties by treaty bodies. This evolutive interpretation can be represented by a chronology of legal events and key emerging and maturing themes such as privacy, freedom of expression and peaceful assembly, family life, health, education, sexism and stereotypes, non-refoulement and torture, bodily integrity and the best interest of the child. DISCUSSION: Various disparities based on SOGIESC are now recognised through these key issues. However cis-heteronormativity is seldomly mentioned as a root cause, leaving these disparities “unexplained” and unchanged. SOGIESC concepts are also understood separately from other intersectionalities. Key UN treaty bodies still have not made the connection with SOGIESC, including for example the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. An important gap appears in academic literature around the mobilisation and applicability of human rights treaties by/for diverse SOGIESC individuals and communities. Treaty bodies can be further mobilised through their general comments or recommendations, concluding observations, and decisions to provide further authoritative norms protecting SOGIESC rights. Specific attention should address substantiating claims properly, with improved investigating and charging practices and with stronger partnerships with SOGIESC diverse communities.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».