Self-reported health status and associated factors among community-dwelling Afro-Caribbean Black Canadians: a cross-sectional comparison before and during the pandemic
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Social Determinants of Health are linked to health outcomes. Racial discrimination can lead to marginalization, poor quality of care, and racial inequities in health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing health, social, and economic disparities within marginalized communities. However, data focusing on Canadian Black populations are limited. This study aims to identify how the pandemic impacted the health of Black communities and to identify associated factors, both prior to and during the pandemic, to inform areas for action and service planning. METHODS: This community-based cross-sectional study included English- or French-speaking Canadians self-identifying as African, Caribbean, or Black, in the Greater Toronto Area. The survey collected data from November 2022 to May 2023 on sociodemographic and clinical factors, and perceived health status. Data were based on retrospective self-reports. Such self-reported data are relevant to participatory research methods that require participatory data. Perceived general and mental health status, overall and by characteristics, was described. Key factors associated with perceived health before and during the pandemic were explored using multivariable logistic analysis. RESULTS: 388 individuals, aged 1–74 years, were included, mostly English-speaking and non-Canadian-born. Respectively 81% and 76% indicated their general and mental health as good or excellent before the pandemic, compared to 49% and 45% during the pandemic. University education (OR = 3.25), physical activity (OR = 2.87) and multimorbidity (OR = 0.15) were significantly associated with self-reported general health before the pandemic, while more factors, including immigration status, age, employment status, and insurance coverage, contributed to mental health perception. During the pandemic, women reported good/excellent general health or mental health 50–60% less often than men. Multimorbidity, immigration status, and household income were also associated with general health. French-speaking Black Canadians reported a lower proportion of good/excellent mental health, but those privately insured or physically active reported 3 times higher proportions of good or excellent mental health. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides needed health status information from a community-based sample of Black Canadians prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores how social determinants of health vary in different contexts. A comparison before and during the pandemic and community involvement strengthened this cross-sectional study.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».