РОЛЬ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ОСЕРЕДКІВ У ФОРМУВАННІ ДУХОВНОГО СВІТУ ДИТИНИ В УКРАЇНІ В ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The article reveals the role of social centers in the formation of the spiritual world of a child in Ukraine in the 19th – early 20th centuries. It has been established that the social centers of Ukraine in the 19th – early 20th centuries played a fundamental role in the formation of the spiritual world of a child. The family has traditionally been the main social center in which the spiritual world of a child was formed. In traditional Ukrainian society, the family was the central institution for the formation of personality. The family in the traditional society of the 19th and first quarter of the 20th centuries is considered as a social institution with an orderly mechanism of internal relations, with clearly fixed responsibilities of each of its members in accordance with the gender and age division of labor and raising children. It was the family that played a leading role in preserving and transmitting ethnic culture, because when family ties weaken, the mechanism of ethnosocial upbringing is disrupted. The Ukrainian family preserved its identity and authenticity and accumulated traditions, culture, religion, language, and values. An important social center was the church, which had an influence on the moral education and worldview of the younger generation. Throughout the 19th century, religion played a key role in the lives of Ukrainians, forming in children ideas about honesty, justice, humility, mercy, and responsibility. In the second half of the 19th century, cultural and political movements actively developed in Ukrainian lands, contributing to the awakening of national consciousness. Public and educational organizations played a special role. Their activities – organizing libraries, publishing literature, holding lectures and performances – also influenced children, involving them in cultural and public life. The educational movement contributed to the awareness of Ukrainians of their own identity, expanded the spiritual world of young people, and fostered the desire for freedom and development. Children's clubs, youth societies, and amateur theater groups became the environment where national ideals, patriotic feelings, and creative thinking were formed. We see prospects for further explorations in the study of the problem of socialization of youth in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. in the context of intergenerational transmission of culture.

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