Melanoidins From <i>Prunus mume</i> Fruit‐Juice Concentrate: Polarity‐Driven Differences in Immunomodulatory Activity
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT Melanoidins, a key component of Prunus mume fruit‐juice concentrate (PFC), have gained increasing attention due to their health‐promoting potency. However, the physicochemical properties of melanoidins in PFC and their biological activities remain poorly understood, which impedes the comprehensive utilization of PFC's functional value. In this study, three melanoidins fractions (PFCM1, PFCM2, and PFCM3) with distinct polarities were isolated using macroporous resin by sequential elution with water, 20% ethanol, and 50% ethanol. With increasing polarity (PFCM1 > PFCM2 > PFCM3), the total contents of carbohydrates, phenolics, and protein decreased inversely (PFCM3 > PFCM2 > PFCM1), the levels of total monosaccharides increased, and total amino acids of the melanoidins decreased. NMR analysis indicated that the degree of unsaturation of the backbone increased as the polarity of melanoidins decreased. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and Fe 2+ chelating ability of three melanoidins showed a negative correlation with their polarity. All fractions promoted the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and significantly ( p < 0.05) enhanced the cellular secretion of NO as well as cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, exhibiting an immune‐activating effect. Among them, PFCM3 exhibited the most pronounced immunomodulatory effects. Transcriptomic and Western blot analyses revealed that the effects of PFCM3 on RAW264.7 cells were primarily exerted through the immune system, with the TLR2/4‐mediated MAPK pathway representing the primary signaling pathway involved in its immunomodulatory activity. Our findings suggest that the melanoidins from PFC with varying polarity exhibited distinct immunoregulatory ability, which can be attributed to the differences in their structural features. Practical Applications Melanoidins are ubiquitously distributed in food matrices and have exhibited multiple bioactivities. However, these compounds have received limited attention during the biofunctional evaluation of certain traditional functional foods. This study demonstrated that melanoidins, as a significant component in Prunus mume fruit‐juice concentrate (PFC), exert immune activation effects through membrane receptor‐mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, their immunomodulatory capability is correlated with the polarity of melanoidins, a property associated with their distinct structural features. This study deepens our understanding of the health benefits of foods rich in melanoidins and provides valuable insight into the relationship between structural features and bioactivities of melanoidins.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».