Novel endolysin from <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> -Specific Prophage Selectively Inhibits Target Bacteria
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing food production industry worldwide and plays a fundamental role in supplying protein food sources.Due to the growing emphasis on the increasing world population, which is projected to reach 9.73 billion people by 2064 [1], aquaculture industry production is estimated to increase to 109 million tons by 2030 [2].Therefore, to meet the rising consumer demand, implementing intensive farming systems that boost fish production and enhance feed efficiency is advisable.Nonetheless, intensive farming systems can also create favorable conditions for pathogens, resulting in increased transmission and frequency of infections, as well as promoting the survival and virulence of these pathogens [3].Several pathogenic diseases are prevalent in aquaculture, including vibriosis (Vibrio alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, and V. parahaemolyticus), aeromoniasis (Aeromonas hydrophila and A. salmonicida), edwardsiellosis (Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda), and streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae, S. agalactiae, and S. parauberis).These pathogenic diseases not only result in high mortality rates and economic losses in the aquaculture industry but also facilitate the transmission of zoonotic bacteria, posing a critical threat to human health [4,5].Streptococcosis is a re-emerging bacterial disease in the aquaculture industry that threatens its development worldwide.Although various Streptococcus species, including S. iniae, S. agalactiae, S. parauberis, S. uberis, and S. dysgalactiae, are known to cause streptococcosis [5], S. iniae and S. agalactiae are the primary species responsible for streptococcosis in aquaculture.S. iniae is a gram-positive, spherical-or ovoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is -hemolytic on 5% sheep blood agar [5].S. iniae infections have been reported in various fish species globally, including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), salmon (Salmo salar), gray mullet (Mugus cephalus), barramundi (Lates calcarifer), yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) [6].Fish infected with S. iniae exhibit various symptoms such as septicemia, meningitis, panophthalmitis, exophthalmia, corneal opacity, and lethargy, resulting in high levels of mortality and morbidity [6].Various antibiotics, including florfenicol, erythromycin, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline, have been used to control streptococcosis in aquaculture [5].However, the use of antibiotics to control bacterial infections in fish has Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive, spherical-or ovoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium and is one of the major species causing streptococcosis, resulting in economic losses in aquaculture.Endolysins, peptidoglycan hydrolases produced by bacteriophages, are emerging as replacements for antibiotics due to their specific lytic activity against pathogens.This study aimed to develop a novel endolysin, SinLys1930, that specifically targets and kills S. iniae.The molecular and structural characteristics of SinLys1930 were predicted based on bioinformatic approaches.The lytic activity of SinLys1930 was evaluated against S. iniae KCTC 3657 under various conditions, including different dosages, pH levels, temperatures, NaCl concentrations, and metal ions, to identify the optimal conditions, and its effectiveness was further tested in sterilized seawater.The conserved domain analysis revealed that SinLys1930 possesses two enzymatically active domains (NlpC/P60 and glucosaminidase superfamilies) with two cell wall-binding domains (CW-7 superfamily) positioned between them.The lytic activity of SinLys1930 was highest at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and temperatures between 16 and 37C, and it was maintained even under high NaCl concentration.SinLys1930 reduced the optical density of S. iniae in sterilized seawater by approximately 60% after incubation for 1 h.Therefore, SinLys1930 could potentially serve as an alternative to antibiotics for preventing streptococcosis caused by S. iniae in the aquaculture industry.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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