Na sombra do Trickster. Campos de pesquisa e controvérsias no discurso sobre a complexidade do Trickster nos estudos do mito

Desde seu surgimento no discurso científico, a figura do trickster tornou-se assunto de muitas controvérsias e fonte de especulação em muitos campos de pesquisa. Apesar das múltiplas tentativas para sintetizar esse tópico, os pesquisadores parecem ainda estar longe de resolver o “problema do trickster”. O artigo tenta resgatar os argumentos clássicos da área, a fim de identificar as fontes de intrigas, e encontrar motivos comuns ligando ponderações diversas. Pesquisadores de escolas diferentes parecem concordar com a natureza arcaica dos mitos dos tricksters. Isso é indicado pela paradoxalidade, ambivalência, imprevisibilidade e multidimensionalidade da figura do trickster e sua sabedoria específica na forma de astúcia gravitando em direção a um complexo xamânico, assim como a dispersão e caráter caótico dos episódios míticos. Referências BABCOCK-ABRAHAMS, B. “A Tolerated Margin of Mess”: The Trickster and His Tales Reconsidered. “Journal of the Folklore Institute”, 1975, v. 11, n. 3, p. 147–186. BEIDELMAN, T. O. The Moral Imagination of the Kaguru: Some Thoughts on Tricksters, Translation and Comparative Analysis, “American Ethnologist”, 1980, n. 7, p. 27–42. BERGER, P. The Inventiveness of a Tradition: Structural Anthropology in the Netherlands from an Outsider’s Perspective, “Zeitschrift für Ethnologie”, 2009, v. 134, p. 23–49. BIANCHI, U. Der demiurgische Trickster und die Religionsethnologie, “Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde”, 1961, v. 7, n. 7, p. 335–344. BIANCHI, U. Edschou, le Trickster divin Yorouba, “Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde”, 1978, v. 24, p. 121–129. BIANCHI, U. Il dualismo religioso. Saggio storico ed etnologico, Roma 1958. BIANCHI. U. Le dualisme en histoire des religions, “Revue de l’histoire des religions”, 1961, v. 159, n. 1, p. 1–46. BIANCHI, U. Selected Essays on Gnosticism, Dualism and Mysteriosophy, Leiden 1978. BOAS, F. Introduction, [in:] J. Teit, Traditions of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Boston–New York, 1898, p. 1–19. BOAS, F. Race, Language and Culture, New York 1948. Brede Kristensen W., De goddelijke bedrieger, “Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van wetenschappen”, 1928, Serie B, n. 3, p. 63–88. BREDE KRISTENSEN, W. Life out of Death: Studies in the Religions of Egypt and of Ancient Greece, Leuven, 1992. BREDE KRISTENSEN, W. The Meaning of Religion: Lectures in the Phenomenology of Religion, The Hague, 1960. BREYSIG, K. Die Entstehung des Gottesgedankens und der Heilbringer, Berlin, 1905. BRINTON, D. G. The Chief God of the Algonkins, in his Character as a Cheat and Liar, “American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal”, 1885, p. 137–139. BRINTON, D. G. The Lenape and Their Legends: With the Complete Text and Symbols of the Walam Olum, A New Translation, and an Inquiry Into Its Authenticity, Philadelphia, 1885. BRINTON, D. G. The Myths of the New World: A Treatise on the Symbolism and Methodology of the Red Race of America, New York, 1868. CAMPBELL, J. The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology, Harmondsworth, 1959. CARROLL, M. P. Lévi-Strauss. Freud, and the Trickster: A New Perspective upon an Old Problem, “American Ethnologist”, 1981, v. 8, n. 2, p. 301–313. DE JOSSELIN DE JONG, J. P. B. De Oorsprong Van Den Goddelifke Bedrieger, “Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Academie van Wetenschappen”, 1929, p. 1–30. DOTY, W. G.; HYNES, W. J. Historical Overview of Theoretical Issues: The Problem of the Trickster, [in:] Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts and Criticisms, W. J. Hynes, W. G. Doty (eds.), Tuscaloosa–London, 1993. DEURSEN, A. Van, Der Heilbringer. Eine ethnologische Studie über den Heilbringer bei den nordamerikanischen Indianern, Gröningen, 1931. EHRENREICH, P. Götter und Heilbringer. Eine ethnologische Kritik, “Zeitschrift für Ethnologie”, 1906, v. 38, n. 4–5, p. 536–610. HANSEN, G. P. Trickster and the Paranormal, Bloomington, 2001. HARRIS, M. Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture, New York, 1979. HOBSBAWM, E. J. Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries, New York, 1959. HOFSTEE, W. Phenomenology of Religion Versus Anthropology of Religion? The “Groningen School” 1920–1990, [in:] Man, Meaning, and Mystery: Hundred Years of History of Religion in Norway. The Heritage of W. Brede Kristensen, S. Hjelde (ed.), Leiden, 2000, p. 173–190. HULTKRANTZ, A. The Religions of the American Indians, Berkeley, 1979. LACOMBE, A. Dictionnaire de la Langue des Cris, Montreal, 1874. LEWIS, T. H. Evolution of the Social Role of the Oglala heyoka, “Plains Anthropologist”, 1982, p. 249–253. LÉVI-STRAUSS, C. Myth and Meaning, London–New York, 2001. LÉVI-STRAUSS, C. Structural Anthropology, New York, 1963. LOEWENTHAL, J. Der Heilbringerin der Irokesischen und der Algonkinischen Religion, “Zeitschrift für Ethnologie”, 1913, p. 65–82. LUOMALA, K. Maui-of-a-Thousand-Tricks: His Oceanic and European Biographers, “Bernice Pahuai Bishop Museum Bulletin”, 1949, n. 198. MAKARIUS, L. Ritual Clowns and Symbolical Behaviour, “Diogenes”, 1970, n. 70, p. 44–73. MIELETINSKI, E. Pochodzenie eposu bohaterskiego. Wczesne formy i archaiczne zabytki, Kraków, 2009. NIGONWEDOM, J. S. Trickster Reflections I, [in:] Troubling Tricksters: Revisioning Critical Conversations, D. Reder, L.M. Morra (eds.), Waterloo, 2010. PETTAZZONI, R. Wszechwiedza bogów, tłum. Barbara Sieroszewska, Warszawa, 1969. RADIN, P. Primitive Religion: Its Nature and Origin, New York, 1937. RADIN, P. Primitive Man as Philosopher, New York, 1957. Radin P., Religion of the North American Indians, “Journal of the American Folk Lore Society”, 1914, v. 27, n. 106, p. 335–376. RADIN, P. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology, with commentaries by Karl Kerényi and C. G. Jung, New York, 1956. RADIN, P. The Road of Life and Death: A Ritual Drama of the American Indians, New York, 1945. RADIN, P. Winnebago Hero Cycles: A Study in Aboriginal Literature, Baltimore, 1948. RADIN, P., KERÉNYI, K., JUNG, C. G., Der göttliche Schelm. Ein indianischer Mythen-Zyklus, Zürich, 1954. Ray V.F., The Contrary Behavior Pattern in American Indian Ceremonialism, “Southwestern Journal of Anthropology”, 1945, v. 1, n. 1, p. 75–113. RICKETTS, M. L. The North American Indian Trickster, “History of Religions” 1966, v. 5, n. 2, p. 327–350. Ricketts M.L., North American Tricksters, [in:] The Encyclopedia of Religion, M. Eliade (ed.), v. 15, New York, 1987, p. 48–51. ROUSSEAU, H. Le dieu du mal, Paris, 1963. SABATUCCI, D. Sui protagonisti dei miti, Roma, 1981. SZYJEWSKI, A. Organizacja cyklu Kruka w paleoazjatyckim i paleoindiańskim kręgu kulturowym, B. Błaszkiewicz, J. Godlewicz-Adamiec (eds.), Gdańsk 2019, p. 119–140. TEIT, J. Mythology of the Thompson Indians, Leiden–New York, 1912. TOPOROV, V. N. Obraz trikstera v enisejskoj traditsii, [in:] Traditsënnye verovaniia i byt narodov Sibiri, I. N. Gemuev, A. M. Sagalaev (eds.), Novosibirsk, 1987, p. 5–27. WIGET, A. Algonquian Trickster Tale, “Oral Tradition”, 2000, v. 15, n.1, p. 39–73. WITZEL, E. J. M. The Origins of World’s Mythologies, New York, 2012. VECSEY, Ch. Imagine Ourselves Richly: Mythic Narratives of North American Indians, New York, 1991. VIZENOR, G. Earthdivers: Tribal Narratives of Mixed Descent, Minneapolis, 1981. VIZENOR, G. Trickster Discourse, “American Indian Quarterly”, 1990, n. 2, s. 277–287. VIZENOR, G. Trickster Discourse: Comic Holotropes and Language Games, [in:] Narrative Chance, Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literatures, G. Vizenor (ed.) Albuquerque, 1989, p. 187–211. VIZENOR, G. Tricksters and Evaluations, [in:] Tricksters of Liberty: Tribal Heirs to a Wild Baronage, Norman, 1988, p. IX–XVIII.

Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.