Influence of age group and practice maintenance on cognitive, functional and anthropometric parameters of middle-aged and older adults engaged in a multicomponent physical exercise program: a 5-year longitudinal study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Human beings manifest a variety of functional losses, highlighting musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems impairments. Anthropometric and cognitive alterations, muscle strength, and functional capacity reductions also occur throughout aging. Physical exercise is a cornerstone of successful aging, potentially contributing to maintaining cognitive functions, body composition, functionality, and muscle strength. Furthermore, the maintenance of physical exercise practice seems necessary to preserve these promising healthy benefits of exercise in older population. This thesis compared, through two distinct studies, (1) the influence of age group on cognitive, functional, and anthropometric parameters of middle-aged adults and middle-aged and elderly adults participating in a physical activity program, (2) the progression of functional, anthropometric, cognitive and blood pressure variables in middle-aged and elderly adults after five years of follow-up. Methods: Four hundred and seventy-three older adults aged 55 to 84 years (84% women), regular participants in the Programa Envelhecimento Ativo (EEFFTO-UFMG) were enrolled in the first study. Eighty-five older women re-evaluated after five years were enrolled in the second study. The first study was conducted in 2017 and 2018, and the second in 2022 and 2023. Tests were carried out to evaluate cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, verbal fluency test, Digit Span test, Stroop Color, and Word test), functional capacity ("Senior Fitness Test" battery, handgrip strength, 10-meter gait test), anthropometric assessment (body mass, height, circumferences and skinfolds), and blood pressure. All procedures performed were approved by the university's Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 49313121.0.0000.5149). Results: The older age group showed a reduction in global cognition and specific cognitive domains. In addition, there was also a reduction in muscle strength, muscle power, and functional capacity, a worsening of agility scores, and anthropometric changes (reduction in height, muscle mass, circumferences, and skinfolds). Muscle strength explained only 2.7% of the global cognition of older adults. In the second study, it was observed that maintaining the practice of multicomponent physical exercises for five years caused functional improvements and reduced the risk of cognitive decline compared to the group who abandoned the practice during the period. Conclusion: By several low-cost variables, the study showed that middle-aged and elderly adults of different age groups showed significant cognitive, functional, and anthropometric differences. Furthermore, maintaining the practice of multicomponent physical exercise can reverse at least part of the effects of aging on strength, power, and muscle mass and appears to prevent the risk of cognitive decline after five years.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».