The Response of the Atlantic MeridionalOverturning Circulation to heat flux forcingin the Kiel Climate Model
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to heat flux forcing of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is analyzed. This is done with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), a coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model. The dynamical links of the atmosphere-ocean interaction in this experiment agree with other studies and theoretical considerations: In a positive (negative) NAO phase the enhanced (reduced) heat loss from the subpolar North Atlantic to the atmosphere leads to a deepening (shallowing) of the mixed layer, especially over the center of the subpolar gyre. This causes increased (decreased) convection and after 3 to 14 years a stronger (weaker) AMOC at 30°N. The NAO forcing has a slightly red spectrum. The AMOC, however, responds with lower frequencies. For the AMOC index at 30°N two modes of variability can be identified through Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA): one with a period of 93 years and one with a period of 36 years. However, general differences of these two modes in the spatial structure of the overturning streamfunction cannot be identified. Though, the longer mode might be related to anomalies in the mixed layer depth and the strength of the subpolar gyre, which exhibit variability on similar time scales. To compare the conditions of an unforced simulation, a control experiment is also investigated. Here, the relation between the NAO and the AMOC is not as clear. The largest correlation is found when the AMOC 30°N index leads the NAO index by 1 year. Additionally, the temporal variability of the AMOC modes differs in this experiment. A low-frequency but unstable variability mode of about 120 years period is detected mainly for the first half of the simulation period. All other modes of the control experiment were interannual to decadal. This disagrees with a different control experiment version of the KCM, where a multi-centennial, a quasi-centennial, and a multi-decadal mode were dominant. Furthermore, one must bear in mind that the KCM sea surface temperatures of the North Atlantic are biased. Too low temperatures, the resulting coverage of the Labrador Sea with sea ice, but also further differences of the model compared to observations might cause the missing convection in the Labrador Sea. This region, however, is often highlighted to play a crucial role for deep water formation and therefore for the strength of the AMOC. A reduction of these errors might lead to a better understanding of the AMOC and its variability modes. This finally helps to evaluate which modes could be excited or damped under future climate conditions.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,015 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle