An evaluation of the effectiveness of bicycle helmet legislation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background. Legislation requiring children to wear bicycle helmets has been enacted in countries around the world. Although the published evidence supports helmet legislation, most studies have methodologic limitations. Further, no studies have examined variation in the effectiveness of legislation in different socio-economic and geographic strata. Objective. The objective of this thesis was to provide an evaluation of the impact of bicycle helmet legislation on children's injuries and helmet use. This included the relationship between legislation and head injuries, changes in children's bicycling related to legislation, the long-term impact of legislation on helmet use, and the impact of legislation on geographic variation in bicycle-related injuries. Methods. This study included two data sources. The first was a database of injuries from the Canadian Institute of Health Information. All Canadian children hospitalized for bicycle-related injuries were included. Children were then classified as head injury and other injury. Injury rates were examined by the presence or absence of legislation, and by geographic location. The second data source was an observational study conducted in East York. Observers went to 111 pre-selected sites before and after the enactment of legislation, and counted the number of children bicycling and noted whether they were helmeted. Results. Examination of bicycle-related head injury rates determined a 45% reduction in bicycle-related head injuries in provinces with legislation, compared to a 27% reduction in provinces without legislation. There was no change in the number of child bicyclists post-legislation, but legislation was found to have only a short-term impact on helmet use in low and mid income neighbourhoods. Children living outside urban areas were at increased risk of bicycle-related head injuries, even subsequent to the enactment of legislation. Conclusion. Bicycle helmet legislation appears to be effective in reducing head injuries, and does not reduce children's exposure to bicycling. Although legislation appears to be effective in increasing helmet use in all neighbourhoods, helmet use declines in low and mid income neighbourhoods four years post-legislation. Finally, despite the evidence for effectiveness of legislation, children outside urban areas remain at increased risk of bicycle-related head injuries post-legislation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,010 | 0,026 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».