Women's Use of Force Against an Intimate Partner: What Can We Learn From Police Data
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This dissertation focused on women’s use of force against their intimate partner through an examination of police occurrences and risk assessments responding to these cases in a large Ontario (Canada) police service. Study One explored the predictive validity of the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA), a 13-item actuarial tool widely used by police to guide decision-making in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study examined the ODARA’s ability to differentiate male compared to female recidivists. Overall, the ODARA performed significantly better at differentiating male recidivists (AUC = .60) compared to female recidivists (AUC = .66). Risk factors predicting recidivism differed significantly by gender, thus caution is suggested when using the ODARA to assess risk of recidivism for women charged with an IPV offence. Study Two examined variables identified by intersectional feminist and resistance theories as potentially related to recidivism. Specifically, this study examined how structural, relationship, and chronic vulnerable circumstances predict subsequent police IPV-related contact (IPV-related charges, IPV-related victimization) during the two-year follow-up. Results showed that women were more likely to be a victim of IPV in subsequent police contact than charged for using force against an intimate partner. Other key findings were that women had disproportionately high rates of mental health concerns and problematic substance; and women were highly involved with the police for matters unrelated to IPV before and after their index charge. Women who were charged with a subsequent IPV-related offence differed significantly from women charged with only breaching the conditions of their release. Compared to breach only women, violent IPV-recidivists were more likely to have histories of criminal offending, historical charges for use of violence against a person who was not an intimate partner, and their male victim was more likely to fear being re-assaulted. IPV-involved women were found to reach out to police for help during conflict with an intimate partner in the two years prior to their index charge on average between four and six times. Discussion focuses on the implications of the findings of both studies for police practice, domestic violence, and future research with women who use force.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,009 | 0,046 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,005 | 0,007 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,013 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».