Are Church Incivility and Clergy Self-Criticism Associated with Depression in Active United Church Ministers? A Mental Health Update during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The study examines 184 active United Church ministers from across Canada who volunteered to participate in an anonymous, online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic Fall of 2022. These clergy responded to survey items regarding depressive symptoms as well as their perceptions of church-based incivility and personal, destructive self-criticism. Would United Church of Canada (UCC) ministers have elevated depression risk prevalence compared to national norms as in other clergy depression studies? Would their depressive symptoms be predicted by church incivility and destructive self-criticism? Could such self-criticism be understood as a form of internalized incivility? To answer these questions, the study used a cross-sectional design, psychometric measures, and multiple regression analyses. Also, for the first time in a clergy depression study, measures of test response bias were employed and revealed UCC ministers as straightforward test responders. The majority of UCC ministers had a psychiatric history. Most were taking psychiatric medication but not those at high risk for depression. Nor did those at risk find professional counselling very helpful, and half of them rated EFAP counselling and Spiritual Direction as entirely ineffective. Statistical analyses confirmed the pattern of elevated depression risk prevalence found in other clergy depression studies using the same depression measure of the study. Indeed, UCC ministers produced a depression risk prevalence of 16%, the highest to date using the depression measure of this study, including three studies undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in a surprising twist, the same UCC ministers scored well below Canadian population rates of depression risk using the same depression measure of the study. Furthermore, church-based incivility was a strong predictor of depressive symptoms among clergy at high risk of depression, but not destructive self-criticism – another surprising finding. Implications for both pastoral clergy care and professional counselling treatments were discussed, along with a modest suggestion for UCC policy, limitations of the study, and recommendations for future research now underway. Overall, during a time of considerable pandemic strain on Canadian mental health, the UCC ministers of this study showed remarkable resilience but also areas of vulnerability. UCC clergy women defied all expectations by showing no greater depression risk than clergy men.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».