The Risk of Introducing Live Organisms by the Aquarium, Water Garden, and Seafood Trades in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The aquarium, water garden, and live seafood trades are major pathways for the introduction of aquatic species into Canada. If released, some imported species may become invasive, with negative consequences for Canadian ecosystems. This research document describes the movement of live aquatic (freshwater, brackish, and marine) organisms including fishes, invertebrates, and plants in trade into and within Canada, identifies aquatic species previously or presently in trade, describes end user participation and the release of aquatic organisms to the wild, develops spatially explicit estimates of propagule pressure, and identifies possible critical control points. A total of 4,296,188 aquarium organisms, representing 844 taxa, were imported into Canada from 40 source countries during a four-month period in 2018. The top three ports of entry, by trade volume, were Windsor, ON; Mirabel, QC; and, Calgary, AB. Imported aquarium organisms were distributed within Canada via major distribution hubs in Innisfil, ON; LaSalle, QC; and, Calgary, AB. Aquarium retailers tended to aggregate around major urban centers. A baseline scenario assuming a 10.6% participation rate and a 3.9% release rate estimated that 57,799 households released 347,650 aquarium organisms per year. During the same four-month timeframe, 3,758,224 water garden organisms, representing 199 taxa, were imported into Canada from 19 source countries. Major ports of entry and distribution hubs for water garden organisms were the same as the aquarium pathway. Water garden retailers were also found around major cities. An estimated 50,769 households released 305,367 water garden organisms per year, based on an assumed 9.2% participation rate and 3.9% release rate. About 82,434,924 live seafood organisms, representing 84 taxa, were imported into Canada from 20 source countries during the same four-month period. Major ports of entry for live seafood organisms included Ottawa, ON; Richmond, BC; St-Stephen, NB; and, Toronto, ON. Montebello, QC; Chilliwack, BC; and, Cap-Pelé, NB were major distribution hubs for live seafood organisms. Similar to the other pathways, live seafood retailers clustered around major cities. An estimated 47,964 users released 288,502 live seafood organisms per year, based on an assumed 3.5% participation rate and 3.9% release rate. Critical control points that allow the greatest volume of organisms in trade to be encountered were identified. For all three pathways, these included the major ports of entry, key distribution hubs, and urban centres where aggregations of retailers, end users, and releasers occur. Results of sensitivity analyses suggested that all parameters considered had an equal effect on the propagule pressure estimates for all pathways, though they had a disproportionate effect on the spatial distribution of end users and releasers. Despite uncertainty around model parameters, statistically significant hot spots of introduction risk were identified. Maintaining detailed import records and characterizing the human dimensions of the aquarium, water garden, and live seafood trades would reduce uncertainty and refine spatially explicit estimates of propagule pressure associated with each pathway.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».