Environmental and health impacts of small gasoline powered versus electric powered mobile outdoor equipment in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Lower-emitting electric alternatives exist for most SSI-engine equipment.This report seeks to inform ECCC's knowledge of the environmental and health impacts of common off-road SSI engine equipment and provide information on the feasibility of end-use electrification for common SSI engine equipment types. Scope of StudyThe scope of this study has two primary components: a review of current knowledge on the role of small spark-ignition engines in GHG and air pollutant emissions and exposures, and a comparison of cost and performance characteristics of gas-powered versus electric equipment. Review of Current Knowledge on Environment and Health Impacts of SSI EnginesThis includes analysis of emission inventory data for pollutants of concern, trends in GHG and air pollutant emissions, the geographic distribution of emissions in Canada, a comparison of data from the United States, and a broader review of how this subsector contributes to GHG and air pollutant emissions in Canada. Performance and Cost ComparisonThis information, presented in the section Equipment Cost, Performance, and Barriers to Electrification presents how gas-powered, corded-electric, and battery-electric equipment compare on the aspects of cost, performance, maintenance, and noise.This section includes an analysis of eight major types of off-road SSI engines: push lawnmowers, grass trimmers/bush cutters, leaf blowers/vacuums, snow blowers, lawn tractors, chainsaws, pressure washers, and portable generators.Collectively, these categories are estimated to represent about 90% of the population of SSI engines in Canada. MethodologyDeliverables were produced using "desktop" research to address the scope of the project.This included analysis of emissions data, literature reviews, and collecting cost/performance data from online sources. Analysis of Pollutant DatasetsThe section of the project regarding the role of SSI engines in GHG and air pollutant emission was completed through an analysis of public data sources and internally-produced modelling outputs provided directly by Environment and Climate Change Canada.These sources include Canada's National Inventory Report (NIR) for GHGs, Canada's Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (APEI) for non-GHG pollutants, the US National Emissions Inventory (NEI), and NONROAD model outputs specific to SSI engines that were provided directly by ECCC. Review of Literature from Academia and Regulatory AuthoritiesPosterity Group conducted a review of existing literature on the subject of environmental and health impacts of SSI engines by seeking resources from the websites of relevant regulators (the U.S. EPA, CCOHS, CARB, and NIOSH) and then further conducting a citation review of studies that were found in order to identify other previous publications on similar topics. Survey of Retailer, Manufacturer, and Reviewer WebsitesTo obtain information regarding equipment capital and operating costs, performance characteristics, maintenance, power requirements, and noise level, Posterity Group relied on websites of retailers, equipment manufacturers, and equipment reviewers.The online stores of Canadian retailers Home Depot and Lowes were a primary source for cost and performance data due to the wide variety of equipment types and brands that they carry.Additionally, specialized stores and equipment reviews were used to document the most powerful electric options available for each equipment type.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».