韓国における「早期留学」をめぐる新聞報道 -1990年から2003年2月まで-

本稿の目的は,早期留学ブームの初期からアジア経済危機を挟んで金大中政権期に至る時期を対象に,「早期留学」が韓国社会においてどのようにとらえられてきたのかを,新聞報道を手掛かりにして明らかにすることである。1990年から2003年2月までの早期留学関連記事について検討した結果,経済危機以前には一部の富裕層の「逃避性留学」として否定的にとらえられていた早期留学が,1999年秋に早期留学全面自由化が話題となって以降は中間層へと広がり,韓国内の教育環境に起因する問題として論じられるようになったことが明らかになった。|In South Korea, a phenomenon called `Jogi-yuhak (pre-college study abroad, hereafter PSA)', i.e. elementary school children and junior/ senior high school students studying abroad, has spread and become a social problem. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how PSA has been perceived in the South Korean society from the early phase of the PSA boom to the Kim Dae-Jung administration period through an Asian economic crisis. For this purpose, I examined the newspaper articles of 12 Korean comprehensive daily newspapers from 1990 to February, 2003 for the major topics and issues about the PSA. The results are as follows: The PSA boom in South Korea, beginning from late 1980s, was reported negatively as the PSA ”Escape” done by the children of the wealthy families around Gangnam area in Seoul and its problems were pointed out severely until around 1996 before an economic crisis. In 1997, because of the government's sudden regulation of PSA under increasing external payments deficit, the articles reporting the regulations of PSA and criticizing them increased. When the economic crisis struck at the end of 1997, many PSA student's return and the problems caused by that were reported. After the autumn of 1999, the government's complete liberalization of PSA became the major topic, increasing the people's concern about PSA. PSA spread from some wealthy to middle class people. The papers argued that distrust of Korean public education made middle class people choose PSA as an alternative. PSA was now seen as an option for many middle class families. In 2001, the fathers who worked in South Korea to support the family while their wives and children stayed abroad for the children's PSA came to be called ”Gireogi appa(goose dad)”, and their feeling of economic pressure and loneliness was now a new social problem entailed by PSA. With the expansion to the middle class people of PSA, high tuition and U.S. visa problems turned to PSA students Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and later on to China.

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