The Interaction Between Government Policies and Emission Cuts: Evidence from Emerging and Advanced Economies
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Government policies such as subsidies, environmentally-related research and development expenditures and technological incentives play crucial role in mitigating the implications of climate change. Our study investigates the role of governments in scaling up climate transition in advanced and emerging countries. We employ Panel Augmented Mean Group Estimator to find the long-term relationship between carbon intensity and various government policies. Covering 2010–2021 period, the data of 18 countries were included in the estimations. Carbon intensity, as a measure of climate change, is proxied by carbondioxide (CO2) emissions per GDP while government policy is represented with 3 indicators: i. Total fossil fuel support as a % of tax revenue, ii. Environmentally-related government research and development (R&D) budget as a % of total government R&D budget and iii. Development of environment-related technologies as a % of all technologies. The results of the estimation covering all countries in the dataset indicate that development of environment-related technologies is positively interrelated with CO2 emissions per GDP, contrary to our ex-ante expectations. It is inferred that the development of technologies does not necessarily reflect their level of usage. As for emerging countries, there is a mixed pattern in the interrelation between climate change and explanatory variables related to government policies. This is partly because the environmental policies and regulations in emerging countries are not sufficiently entrenched to achieve intended results and there appears to be a lack of effective data reporting. On the other hand, the results indicate that in advanced countries, fossil fuel subsidies are positively interrelated with CO2 emissions per GDP in the long-term, compatible with our ex-ante expectations on the deteriorating impact of fossil fuel subsidies on climate change. Checking country-based estimation results, it is striking that in advanced countries with higher income levels, development of environment-related technologies does not contribute to limit climate change. This finding confirms the difference between exporters and end-users of environmental technologies. We draw attention to the export factor where the exporter bears the environmental damages of production process while not thoroughly benefitting from the environmental advantages of the technology. US, UK, Canada, Japan and Germany, where environment-related technologies are not interrelated with carbon intensity, might be considered as predominant technology-exporters. Finally, we propose additional policy implications regarding the role of governments in emission cuts. Government support might range from grants, subsidies, feed-in-tariffs, tax exemptions, direct tax credits, credit guarantees and other kind of incentive schemes for decarbonization technology investments. Along with financial support, governments might also support decarbonization via creating an enabling regulatory landscape for the development of climate and environment-related technologies as well as removing information asymmetries pertaining to climate investments.
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,004 |
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| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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