Immigrant Entrepreneurship: A Survey of "Start-Up" & Investor Via Programs and their Effects
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Entrepreneurship has positive economic benefits and allows for innovative progress within countries. Immigrants, specifically, are in a unique position to bring new perspectives, backgrounds, and ideas to their host countries, which makes them especially entrepreneurial. In particular, immigrants play key roles in their host country by starting businesses or making investments that lead to job creation, innovation, and increased national productivity. This broader phenomenon is known as Immigrant Entrepreneurship, where immigrants contribute to the economy of their host country by starting new businesses or investing. Immigrant entrepreneurship is a developing but relevant topic, as literature in this arena suggests that the rate of business ownership among foreign-born individuals is higher than that of native-born individuals in developed countries. There are two types of visa programs that are particularly relevant to immigrant entrepreneurship: start-up visa programs and immigrant investor visa programs. Recently, against the backdrop of competing economies and the rapid growth of new industries, countries have enacted start-up visa programs to attract talented and innovative immigrants. The goal of start-up visa programs is usually to attract immigrant entrepreneurs to set up “innovative high potential businesses.” Immigrant investor visa programs, on the other hand, offer paths to residency in a foreign country on the condition that a significant financial investment or transaction has been made. These visa programs have become increasingly common within the last two decades, but only certain financial investments apply, and the investment requirements depend on the visa program. With these kinds of visa programs becoming more common in order to promote national economies in a competitive global landscape, this case note will examine the start-up and investor visa programs of three countries and study the success of those programs in terms of increasing minority representation, accessibility, and influence on minority and immigrant-owned businesses. Accordingly, this paper is broken into six main parts. First, this paper will provide general insight into the history and development of these visa programs, as well as study the recent trends surrounding these visa programs. Second, this paper will discuss the current state of immigrant entrepreneurship and what preliminary effects they are producing. The next three sections will be an overview of individual start-up or investor visa programs, examining the United States (U.S.) EB-5 Investor Visa Program, Canada Start-up Visa Program, and the United Kingdom (UK) Innovator Founder Visa. Finally, this paper will survey the practical results of these visa programs in terms of minority representation and how the programs may influence immigrants on whether to engage in a start-up venture.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».