Quantification and characterization of nanoparticles in environmental matrices: release from surface coatings and distributions in natural waters
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Nanoparticle (NP) emissions to the environment are increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities, prompting concerns with respect to the ecosystem and human health. In order to evaluate the risk of NPs, it is necessary to know their concentrations in various environmental compartments, on regional and global scales; however, these data have remained elusive, mainly due to the analytical difficulties of measuring NPs in complex natural matrices. The fundamental aim of this work was thus to develop an improved analytical strategy for the high-throughput detection, quantification, and characterization of NPs in complex natural waters. To this end, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was optimized for single particle analysis. Enhanced sensitivities that enable the determinations of smallest NPs and multi-element analysis that can provide potential insight into NP origins on a particle-by-particle basis were an important focal point of the project. Using state-of-the-art techniques, the methods of single particle analysis were applied for the monitoring of NPs in two important environmental contexts: (i) understanding the emission patterns of engineered TiO2 NPs from a prevalently used nano-enabled product, i.e. surface coatings, under natural weathering scenarios, and (ii) examining the presence and distribution of three major NPs (Ag-, Ce- and Ti-NPs), including engineered ones, in global natural waters. Measurements were performed with respect to particle sizes (distributions), mass/number concentrations and compositions/purities. Surface-leaching experiments were designed to elicit the role of seasonal changes, weathering variables, surface exposure scenarios, and coating matrix properties in NP release patterns. The data clearly showed the strong impact of weathering on NP release trends, with wet and freeze-thaw (i.e. rainfall and slushy snow) conditions notably favouring NP leaching. While the release quantities did not surpass 10-200 µg-Ti m-2-coating, even after several months of weathering, increasing emissions may occur given the ageing and degradation of coatings over time. Natural waters were monitored globally, which entailed a sampling campaign from 46 sites in 13 countries and was aimed to link NP occurrences and distributions to particle type, size, origin, and sampling location. The results demonstrated the ubiquitous presence of NPs in the environment, including the remotest landscapes, such as Northern Canada and within Iceland glaciers. The original multiplexed data presented in this body of research is much needed for reliable parametrization and validation of NP exposure models and for NP risk monitoring. The work also lays a foundation for broader systematic analysis of NP release and distribution patterns in the ecosystem
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».