Amygdala and hippocampal connectivity mediate the association between prenatal maternal stress and broad autism phenotype in young adults: Project Ice Storm
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Although the etiology of autism remains incompletely understood, prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has been documented as one among many prenatal environmental risk factors. Despite conflicting findings, neuroimaging literature has unveiled the structure and function of the amygdala and hippocampus as neural correlates of autism. The atypical structure and function of the amygdala and hippocampus are plausible mechanisms behind the association between PNMS and offspring autism due to their involvement in social cognition. Yet, there are few studies that test whether amygdala and hippocampal structure and function mediate the association between PNMS and offspring autism. Autistic-like traits are on a continuum in the population. The “Broad Autism Phenotype” (BAP) includes signs and symptoms that are milder than those in clinical autism but are qualitatively similar to the defining characteristics seen in autism: the BAP concept of aloof personality parallels social deficits, while pragmatic language impairment parallels communication deficits, and rigid personality parallels restricted, repetitive behaviors. Considering that autistic individuals vary widely with respect to various phenotypes, it is worth examining whether, and the extent to which, amygdala and hippocampal structure and function mediate the association between PNMS and the severity of BAP traits in the offspring. Commonly investigated types of stressors in the existing literature on prenatal stress and offspring autism have mostly been limited to the mothers’ depression, anxiety and life events. Such studies are unable to differentiate different aspects of the maternal stress experience, however. This Ph.D. thesis utilized a sudden-onset natural disaster as the stressor of interest because it is independent of maternal characteristics. In June 1998 Project Ice Storm recruited women who had been pregnant during the devastating January 1998 Quebec ice storm, and assessed the objective degree of the hardships they experienced, their level of subjective distress, and their cognitive appraisal of the disaster. When their children were 19 years old they completed the BAP questionnaire to self-report their BAP symptoms, and underwent structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI to respond to the objectives. Taking advantage of this unique natural disaster cohort, this thesis adds to the growing literature of BAP. Three separate manuscripts are included, showing that: (1) different aspects of PNMS explain variance in different broad autism phenotypes, with prenatal maternal objective hardship related to aloof personality; maternal subjective distress related to pragmatic language deficits; and objective hardship and negative cognitive appraisal related to rigid personality; (2) hippocampus-motor functional connectivity explains variance in pragmatic language deficits; and amygdala- and hippocampus- visual connectivity shares the common neural correlate in rigid personality; and (3) hippocampus-motor connectivity mediates the effects of subjective distress on pragmatic language deficits while amygdala-visual connectivity mediates the effects of objective hardship and negative cognitive appraisal on rigid personality. In conclusion, the results of this natural experiment suggest that amygdala and hippocampal functional connectivity rather than their structure mediate the long-lasting effects of prenatal maternal stress on autistic-like behaviors in the offspring assessed in early adulthood
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».