Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption, Depression, and the Risk of Diabetes and its Complications in a Population-Based Sample
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease and a public health concern. Unhealthy diets, such as those with high ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption, have been identified as one of the behavioral risk factors related to T2D and its consequences. Depression is a serious mood disorder commonly comorbid with diabetes and a potentially modifiable risk factor for T2D. Previous studies have focused on depression and unhealthy diets consumption as independent risk factors for T2D and its complications, but unhealthy diets and depression might also be comorbid. Therefore, in this thesis, I will examine the interaction between depression and UPF and its association with T2D and its complications.In this study, the research question was “What is the relationship between T2D, UPF consumption, and depressive symptoms?” Data from the CARTaGENE a population-based prospective cohort study in the Province of Quebec (Canada), were used to address this question by completing three independent but related studies shaped by research objective and presented in standalone chapters (3, 4, and 5). CARTaGENE and an administrative health database (Quebec’s health care plan), were linked to generate the study sample. The first objective was to explore the potential additive interaction between UPF consumption and depression on the incidence of T2D. Results of Cox regression modelling showed that respondents with high depressive symptoms and high UPF consumption at the baseline showed the highest risk for T2D (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.75 (95 % CI 1.04 - 2·95)) in a model adjusted for age and sex compared to respondents with low depressive symptoms and low UPF consumption. Further, the risk for T2D when high depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were combined with high UPF was HR =1.62 (95 % CI 1.02 -2·57) in a fully adjusted model.The second objective was to investigate a potential additive interaction between UPF consumption and depression on the incidence of diabetes-related complications. Data from the same cohort as in the first study were used. However, for this objective, we examined the T2D complications among respondents with T2D at baseline by linking CARTaGENE survey data with administrative health care plan data. Results by a Cox regression model indicate that individuals with depressive symptoms and higher UPF consumption at baseline had a higher risk (HR = 2.43 (95 % CI 1.18 - 4.99)) of developing T2D related micro-and macro complications in a model adjusted for sex and age compared to those with neither condition. Further, higher risks for diabetes complications were observed when high depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were combined with high UPF consumption (HR = 2.59 (95 % CI 1.32 - 5.06)) in a fully adjusted model. These results suggest an interaction between depression and UPF consumption in relation to an increased risk of diabetes-related complications.Finally, although depression has been linked with T2D incidence, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The third objective was thus to explore if the relationship between depression and T2D incidence might be mediated by UPF consumption. Using logistic regression and mediation analysis, we found that a retrospectively reported depression diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of T2D (Odd ratios = 1.58 (95 % CI 1.05 - 2.36). Further, UPF consumption and Body Mass Index (BMI) at baseline might be an indirect mechanism linking depression and T2D risk.Overall, the results showed that individuals with co-occurring depression and high UPF consumption might represent a subgroup particularly vulnerable to T2D incidence and its complications. They would benefit from improved identification, greater monitoring, and preventive, integrated care that draws on strategies embracing the newly generated evidence on the interaction between T2D, depression, and UPF consumption
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».