Phylogenetic, taxonomic, and functional diversity of wetland diptera communities
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The goal of this thesis was to describe biodiversity and community composition of Diptera in wetlands across Quebec. Three approaches to community analysis were used to describe patterns: taxonomic identity, functional traits, and phylogenetic relationships. Diptera were sampled using standardized methods (pan traps, sweeping) across three types of wetlands (marsh, swamp, bog) in the Montreal region, and in 15 bogs distributed in three Quebec ecoregions. When comparing three types of wetlands, abundance and species richness did not differ even with wetland areas ranging from 6 to 161 ha. Bogs supported phylogenetically closely related Diptera species filtered by harsher environmental conditions compared to the other two wetland types. Clustering of closely related species was found in bogs, which is probably due to environmental filtering at the initial stage of community assembly postglacially. The slow peat accumulation process and characteristic plant composition adapted to acidic and low nutrient conditions potentially play a role in the structure of the Diptera community. Neutral processes were more important in marshes and swamps, as dispersal limitation explained species abundance dynamics of small and common Diptera species within each wetland type. The assembly of marsh communities is a balance between neutral processes and environmental filtering, while the assembly of swamp habitats is neutral. Clustering, thus environmental filtering, increased with environmental extremes. Rare species tended to be distantly related to common species, based on phylogenetic signal. They have unique habitat requirements and their diversity is maintained by temporal turnover during the active season of species with similar traits filtered by the environment. When the spatial extent of the research was expanded to bogs in three Quebec ecoregions, a selective filtering role of anthropogenic disturbance was found. Recent drastic human modification of the landscape in Eastern Great Lakes Lowland Forest ecoregion, less suitable peatland patches and more barriers to dispersal are adjacent to those bogs, so agriculture and urban development act as filters for the small proportion of species in the regional pool that can disperse in these conditions. In Eastern Canadian Forest and Central Canadian Shield ecoregions, stochastic processes such as dispersal limitation of abundant, small, multivoltine species seem to be the dominant influence. High diversity of Diptera species and different historical disturbances are at the origin of the functional and phylogenetic structure observed for peatland Diptera. Phylogenetic community structure and functional analyses revealed high value and complementarity to standard biodiversity measures. Using only traditional metrics, it would not have been apparent that bog communities are impacted by land-use changes and that these impacts change the species pool capable of inhabiting these isolated habitats. This suggests that the three levels of diversity studied should be used in environmental assessments to have a complete picture of macroecological patterns in wetlands. Conservation of mobile organisms in wetlands will depend on conservation plans focusing on both patch quality and surrounding landscape. Different conservation strategies need to be applied in the different ecoregions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».