Accelerated Rock Breakage with Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Traditional rock breakage methods in hard rock mining heavily rely on explosives, which pose significant environmental, safety, and operational concerns to workers and surrounding communities. To address these concerns, Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents (SCDA) have gained attention as a safer and more sustainable alternative for rock breakage. SCDA, primarily composed of lime (CaO), are soundless, vibration-free, and fumeless, making them particularly suitable for applications where minimizing dust, noise, and fumes is essential. Despite these advantages, SCDA performance can be influenced by environmental and operational factors, particularly in cold climates. This thesis investigates key parameters affecting SCDA performance and introduces innovative methods to enhance their efficiency in challenging conditions.This thesis is divided into two phases. The first phase focuses on the effect of warmer mixing water temperature on the mechanical performance of two commercially available SCDA brands: Betonamit Type R (BT-R) and Dexpan Type 3 (DXP-3). Experiments conducted on 152.4 mm (6 inch) cubic granite samples at varying ambient temperatures reveal that higher mixing water temperatures significantly accelerate rock breakage. For instance, increasing the mixing water temperature from 20°C to 40°C reduced the time to first crack (TFC) by 36% for BT-R and 74% for DXP-3 at 0°C ambient temperature. These results highlight the critical role of heated mixing water in enhancing SCDA efficiency, particularly in colder ambient conditions typical of Canadian open-pit mining operations.The second phase investigates a hybrid approach, termed Accelerated Rock Breakage (ARB), to address SCDA poor performance issues in extreme cold climates. The ARB method combines the use of heated mixing water, identified as beneficial in the first part of this thesis, with electric heating of the borehole using high-temperature nichrome wire. Experiments conducted in a temperature-controlled chamber at ambient temperatures ranging from -20°C to -60°C on 203.2 mm (8 inch) cubic granite rock samples demonstrate the effectiveness of the ARB method. At -40°C, combining 50°C mixing water with a 25V electric wire heating system reduced the time to first crack (TFC) and minimum demolition time (MDT) to 0.7 and 1.1 hours, respectively. The results of a detailed parametric study confirm the improved performance of the ARB method compared to approaches based solely on individual factors.This thesis contributes to advancing sustainable rock breakage methods for the mining industry by optimizing SCDA performance through tailored operational adjustments and hybrid approaches. The findings offer practical solutions to reduce reliance on explosives, mitigate environmental impacts, and improve operational efficiency in mining operations, particularly in cold climate regions
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».