A novel approach to investigate pedestrian safety in non-signalized crosswalk environments and related treatments using trajectory data
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The high frequency of pedestrian crash injuries and the great possibility of fatal consequences have made pedestrian safety a great focus in road safety research. Pedestrian safety becomes even more of a problem at non-signalized locations when compared to signalized crosswalk locations, due to the absence of traffic lights controlling the traffic. This dissertation aims to improve data collection methods for pedestrian safety analysis and to develop a methodological framework to investigate pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations.The work started with reviewing methodologies and data collection methods in previous studies. Methods used in past studies were classified into five different approaches: the crash data approach and four surrogate safety approaches (the traffic data approach, the conflict event approach, the behavioral analysis approach, and the perception analysis approach). Issues in the methodologies applied, and data used were summarized. To overcome the limitations that regular visible spectrum cameras have encountered during the data collection process, the thermal camera was introduced and its performance in road user detection, classification, and speed measurement was validated through its comparison to the use of the regular camera. Results showed an evidently better performance from thermal camera for low visibility and shadow conditions. For speed measurements, the thermal camera was consistently more accurate than the regular camera at daytime and nighttime. A study was conducted to investigate pedestrian safety at crosswalks at nighttime using existing measures. Although, the methodology performed well, further limitations of using safety measure methods were discovered upon the completion of the study. A novel framework which looks at the interaction between the pedestrian and the vehicle, and their behavior during the interactions, was proposed and illustrated through a case study. The framework was further tested through a study to compare the performance of three main non-signalized crosswalk types (uncontrolled, marked, and stop sign controlled crosswalks) on pedestrian safety in Montreal. Stop sign controlled crosswalks had the best performance in protecting pedestrians while uncontrolled crosswalks performed the worst. To explore the extensive applications of the framework, the investigation of cyclist-pedestrian interactions was introduced as it has been a major but underestimated safety problem. Marked crosswalks alone fail to protect pedestrians from passing cyclists. Besides, pedestrian safety at crossings on cycling facilities with downhill grades was found to be a great issue. The dissertation will: provide a comprehensive literature review that acts as a practical reference to investigating pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations; introduce a promising alternative, the thermal camera, to overcome the limitations of using the visible camera for automated traffic data collection; propose a new framework that describes pedestrian-vehicle interactions more precisely, compared to previous studies. This framework is promising for different purposes in road safety on various topics, such as the analysis of interactions between different types of road users, road user interaction simulation, safety treatments validations, and the performance evaluations of autonomous vehicles.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».