Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Place plays a central role in constraining and enabling our health-related actions and routine behaviours. It is increasingly understood that a modifiable proportion of obesity and chronic disease could be the consequences of living in neighbourhoods that are unsupportive of physical activity. Active Living Environments (ALEs), the extent to which our neighbourhoods are designed to promote active living, have been recognized as a promising environmental determinant of physical activity, obesity, and chronic disease. Whether built environments impact subsequent chronic disease-related hospital burden and mortality has not been fully evaluated. Moreover, there is a paucity of international comparative research that evaluates associations of neighbourhoods and chronic disease prevention across different geo-social, political, and economic contexts.This dissertation gauges the potential for neighbourhoods to alter chronic disease and mortality patterns of populations in Canada and abroad. The aim of these studies is to provide insight into the relationship between neighbourhood environments, mortality, and hospitalization. I also assess and compare these associations in different demographic groups and focus specifically on those with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The overarching hypothesis of this thesis is that neighbourhoods that are conducive to active living enable people to be physically active which reduces hospitalization and mortality burden. The research has four objectives:1.To examine population-level associations between ALEs, physical activity, and mortality;2.To examine population-level associations between ALEs, physical activity, and hospitalization;3.To compare associations of ALEs and health in those without, at risk of, and diagnosed with T2D;4.To advance our understanding of whether and to what extent associations between ALEs, health behaviours and health outcomes we observe in Canada are generalizable to other countries.My findings contribute substantive insight as to whether and how much neighbourhoods might support routine physical activity that will later translate into more favourable health outcomes. I provide evidence that favourable built environments for active living are linked with higher levels of walking in Canada and Australia, lower odds of hospitalization in Canada, and lower premature cardiometabolic rates for older Canadian women with T2D. Leveraging the multi-disciplinary strengths of health geography to understand place and health, as well as novel methodological approaches of using population-scale linked data, longitudinal health outcomes, GIS-derived measures of the built environment, as well as international comparative approaches, this dissertation helps build the case for active living-friendly neighbourhoods to be both a sensible and intervenable way to achieve population-wide reductions in physical inactivity, chronic disease death and hospitalization
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».