Unconventional Life Trajectories of Chinese Sandwich Generation Women: Opportunities and Challenges and of Leftover Women and Astronaut Household Mothers
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This thesis examines the reconfiguration of life trajectories of Chinese women in the face of challenges as a sandwich generation through two unconventional pathways: remaining single or immigrating to Canada. The sandwich generation refers to individuals bearing simultaneous responsibilities for their aging parents and young children. Under the evolving family planning policies in China, a “sandwiched couple” may find themselves as the sole caregiver for four elders plus one or more children. This informal care work, on top of formal employment work, poses significant risks to the physical and mental well-being of the sandwich generation. In response to the challenges of being sandwiched, women in China explore unconventional life trajectories as potential solutions. For example, “leftover women,” or career-oriented women who remain single in their late twenties and beyond, arguably escape being sandwiched by remaining unmarried and childless. Women immigrating to Canada, on the other hand, try to reduce the burden of being sandwiched through access to a better welfare system for the three generations in the family. Astronaut households are a unique immigrant household arrangement where the wife and children move overseas while the husband remains in China. The first article examines the historical, social, and cultural contexts surrounding the phenomenon of leftover women in China. It also attempts to extrapolate the mental health outcomes for this population based on the limited literature. In this literature review, various factors are discussed, including national policies, the maternity penalty, changing expectations of romantic partners and marriage, gender roles, work-family conflict, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, the article debates whether leftover women are “leftover” or “choosing to be single,” advocating for women’s agency in making unconventional life choices. The second article showcases the lived experiences of seven astronaut household mothers in Montreal, Canada. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, their experiences with childbirth and sitting the month, the traditional month-long postpartum rituals highlighted the negotiation of the pros and cons of immigration. Although the mothers demonstrated significant strength and resourcefulness, they were still sandwiched between elder care and childcare. In addition, they found themselves caught between different cultural practices and conflicting generational ideologies. The experiences of leftover women and astronaut household mothers are just two examples of unconventional life trajectories of Chinese women in the sandwich generation, and they demonstrate their strength in navigating both the opportunities and challenges that follow unconventional choices.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».