Anti-Immigrant Sentiments, Actions, and Policies: the North American Region and the European Union / Sentimientos, acciones y políticas antiinmigrantes: América del Norte y la Unión Europea

Globalization and regional integration processes have generated an advanced communications system, an exchange of information and ideas from one country to another, and the relative ease of moving from one continent to another; all of this has facilitated greater movement of persons and migrants between societies and nations in a region.In the same way, electronic communications have made it possible to disseminate knowledge about migration routes and job opportunities in different labor markets as well as more attractive living conditions in receiving countries.In 2010, the International Organization for Migrations calculated that there were 214 million migrants in the world and that by 2050, that number would nearly double: almost 400 million migrants would be spread across the main receiving nations.One of the effects of globalization is that it has accented disparities in living standards between sending and receiving nations.As a result, the migration pheno menon has increased in magnitude.Analysts estimate that the work force in the developing countries will grow from 2.4 billion people in 2005 to 3.6 billion in 2040 and that, between 2005 and 2014, almost 1.2 billion people will have moved from their country of origin to a migrant-receiving nation attracted by more promising job opportunities, a better quality of life, and family reunification, which will create a bigger gap between labor supply and demand at a global level.The European Union, the United States, Canada, and Australia will continue to be the main poles of attraction for millions of migrants.However, emerging countries like China, India, and Brazil will also attract many others.China is the Asian country that sends and receives the greatest flow of international migrants.In 2005, 64 million migrants lived in the European Union, and in North America, 45 million.The European countries that receive the largest number of migrants today are Italy, Ireland, and Spain.North America (Canada, the United States, and Mexico), with its 470 million people, is basically a commercial and investment region that has been constituted based on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which came into effect in 1994.This has resulted in a substantive increase in trade and investment, to Mexico's benefit.According to the World Bank, our country is not as developed as its counterparts: the United States is the world's foremost economy; Canada, the ninth; and Mexico, the fourteenth.U.S. GDP is 20 times larger than Mexico's, and enormous differences persist in development levels, and one of the consequences of this is migration.The NAFTA negotiations did not include regional mobility of labor

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