Agropolis: The Role of Urban Agriculture in Addressing Food Insecurity in Developing Cities
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Over fifty percent of the world's population is urbanized--living in cities--and cities almost entirely depend on imported food to meet daily needs. Different factors such as population growth, urbanization, and increasing global demand for food are intensifying; urban agriculture is an important tool for enhancing food security in response to the food-related restraints faced by city dwellers. Through a historical retrospective of urban agriculture to an analysis of current practices and policies, this article explores urban agriculture's potential ability to manage the lack of land and water in cities through the development of innovative growing techniques that optimize the access, quantity, and quality of food for millions of people in developing cities around the globe. ********** As population growth, swelling food demand, and rising rates of urban poverty combine to threaten the availability of food to the urban poor, addressing food insecurity--the inability to consistently access quality food--has become increasingly important. For the first time in the history of civilization, most people now live in cities, which almost entirely depend on imported food to meet daily needs. Yet, as world population continues to grow, reaching a projected 9.6 billion people within the next thirty-five years, global food demand is similarly projected to increase between 70 and 100 percent, depending on future per capita income. (1) Current available cropland and production levels will be unable to keep pace. Meeting future demand would require either clearing an additional landmass the size of Brazil to create land on which to farm, or more extensive use of chemical fertilizers, both of which are unsustainable and environmentally harmful. (2) As the current and unprecedented trend of rural-to-urban migration continues, the level of world urban dwellers is expected to reach 70 percent by 2050. (3) Research also indicates that the have been urbanizing even more rapidly than the population as a whole. (4) Noting that most urban population growth is expected to occur in developing cities, the global food price crises of 2008 and 2011 underscored the extent of vulnerability and food insecurity of the poor in these areas. In response to these trends, a debate regarding the role of urban agriculture in addressing availability and access to quality food for the urban poor has emerged. Many believe that urban agriculture struggles to produce enough food due to fierce competition for scarce urban resources such as land and water. Additionally, concerns have been raised regarding the health risks associated with urban agricultural runoff and possible soil contamination. Some consider the term urban agriculture as inherently contradictory, but on the other hand, one could argue that urban agriculture not only overcomes these constraints, but also addresses them in an innovative and integrative manner to optimize access, quantity, and quality of food for the urban poor. This paper first describes urban agriculture and its scale in the developing world regions. It then analyzes urban agricultures's main constraints--land, water, and health risks--to reveal how these constraints are transformed into opportunities that tackle food insecurity issues. Finally, the paper concludes with a look toward future possibilities and suggestions for further research. URBAN AGRICULTURE: CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE Although urban agriculture has only recently garnered conceptual attention in international development debates, its practice is not a recent phenomenon. Cities in the Classic Maya civilization and the Byzantine Empire incorporated various forms of urban farming to address food security by building resilience against shocks and sudden interruptions in supply lines. (5) During the First and Second World Wars, countries such as the United States, England, and Canada encouraged city dwellers to plant victory gardens to support the war effort. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».