Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Before the advent of the diesel locomotive, the development of practical internal combustion power had made possible an intriguing variant, the self-propelled passenger car. Surely few railway technologies have had quite the roller-coaster fortunes of the gasoline- or diesel-powered railcar. Born early in the twentieth century, the self-propelled railcar has been through various stages of popularity and decline ever since. In fact, only a few years ago, its day seemed to be all but over in North America. In 1993, the Maryland Commuter Rail Service (MARC) operated its last trip with Budd Rail Diesel Car (RDC) equipment. That left only a fast-dwindling number of Canadian intercity services still operating with railcar equipment. The Budd RDC had been out of production since 1962, and the surviving cars were fast wearing out. Budd's successor design had been unsuccessful, leaving the North American market without a suitable replacement vehicle. But if it has not yet quite returned from the dead, diesel railcar technology has become the subject of an extraordinary new level of interest during the last few years. Driving the renewed interest has been both a growing number of prospective new starts in regional or intercity services, for which the inherent characteristics of the self-propelled vehicle are particularly well suited, and a growing record of success for advanced diesel railcar designs in a number of overseas markets. Where only a few years ago there were no vehicles on the market that fully complied with current Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) safety standards, railway suppliers are now offering a wide range of choices. Two small-scale passenger rail services quietly began operating with diesel railcar equipment several years ago, and early in 1997 the first new North American regional rail service operating with diesel railcars began running at Dallas, Texas. Quite a few more seem likely. A look back into railroad history reveals that there's nothing new about the self-propelled railcar. A number of designs were developed during the first decade of the century.1 The most successful of these was introduced in 1906, when General Electric developed the first in a long line of gasolineelectric cars. GE had sold nearly a hundred of its gas-electric cars when it
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».