Evidence-Based Research: The Importance for the Present and Future of Evidence-Based Practice

IntroductionEvidence Based Research (EBR) is a multidisciplinary approach to practice that signifies a scientific base not for effectiveness but also for efficacy of treatment programs. Not all mental health professionals know and/or receive training in and consequently many people do not receive accountable services. Yet, it is widely accepted that professionals must be well- informed about the newest knowledge in order to best serve their clients and remain professionally relevant and responsible (Patterson-Silver Wolf, Dulmus, & Maguin, 2012) because a vast amount of studies have demonstrated improved health outcomes and a general attitude that treatments should be based in scientific evidence (Institute of Medicine, 2001).EBR was fully unfolded back in the 90's as the cornerstone of contemporary medicine for the improvement of physical health and as a means of protection from the dangers of non-scientific views. The contemporary scientific seeds of had already been planted by Cochrane (1972), who suggested that because resources would always be limited, they should be used wisely to provide forms of health care which had been shown in properly designed evaluations to be effective, while he maintained that the most reliable evidence was that which came from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT's). Generally, is spread into a variety of fields such as psychology (and psychotherapy), medicine, education, finance, nursing, social work. For the last ten years, it has also been extended in coaching practice as a golden standard (David, 2014; Cavanagh, Grant, & Kemp, 2005) promoting accountable and valid data about what works best on a continuum of efficacy. (that leads to Evidence-Based Practice, EBP) was recommended by various scientific organizations and managed care systems as the rule of thumb for more cost-effective services (e.g. see Canadian Psychological Association, 2012; National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2009; The Australian Psychological Society, 2010). The lack of valid scientific evidence for a more efficacious practice had already tormented the field of psychotherapy for more than a century. Conversely, in the same field, EBP promotes the idea that efficacy is not a matter of psychotherapeutic approach, but a matter of what works, for whom, under which circumstances, and with which tools (Miller, Zweben, & Johnson, 2005).EBP involves comprehensive processes of decision making and problem solving according to the setting, the characteristics of clients and the available evidence. It is in opposition with biased folklore, traditional and lore-based approaches unless they are rigorously tested. From an EBP perspective, human care is conceptualized as ever-changing, full of uncertainties and probabilities but with a potentially effective corpus of knowledge that is dynamically transformed according to multiple health needs. For example, EBP does not test directly the efficacy of different approaches, but also tests the best possible matching of individual characteristics to different treatment modalities.The main concept of and EBP is based on the importance of interpretation of research results into meaningful practice. provides the platform for the essential transfer of research data into practice. Contrary to the frequent view that evidence-based means something quantitative only or that EBR doesn't consider personal judgment, embraces the movement of high-quality research with the mixed-method design approaches being one of the newest advancements in the world for the last ten years at least (see Creswell, 2009). Also, appropriate promotes the idea of personal judgment (see practice-based evidence: Peile, 2004), although research has shown that personal judgment is inferior to actuarial (e.g. empirical) judgment (e.g. Dawes, Faust & Meehl, 1989). Most importantly, promotes rigorous methodological considerations, guidelines, methods, techniques and a mindset that widens the validity of research data. …

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