IMPROVED LEFT-TURN SIGNAL OPERATION: HOW THE FLASHING YELLOW ARROW LEFT-TURN DISPLAY CAN ENHANCE INTERSECTION OPERATIONS
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Traffic engineers typically operate under credence the best traffic control is least restrictive. That being said, traffic engineers will deploy, for example, a simple two-phase traffic signal operation before considering multiple complex signal phasing. Two-phase signal control is an efficient way to operate a traffic signal. However, credence is all-so-often challenged as traffic volumes increase such that left-turning motorist experience few available gaps to make a safe maneuver. Traffic engineers are now faced with balancing safety with efficiency. One corresponding mitigation action is incorporation of a protected left-turn phase, which provides a safe maneuver, but green time to serve this protected phase must come from other movements. The resulting increase in safety came at expense of operational efficiency. To regain some of lost efficiency, traffic signals are designed to protect left-turn movement during a portion of signal cycle and allow a permissive movement during remainder of signal cycle, resulting in left-turn control that is commonly known as protected permissive left-turn control, or simply PPLT control (or phasing). If a protected movement is warranted, PPLT control has been shown to increase left-turn capacity and reduce delay at intersections (as compared to protected-only control). Traffic engineers typically determine when to use various left-turn phasing and how to implement chosen left-turn phase treatment after careful consideration of site-specific issues and facts. The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 3-54 research project has recently completed a comprehensive study on type of display that should be used for permissive left turn movement when used in PPLT control. Findings from NCHRP 3-54 research included recommendation that flashing yellow arrow indication should be included in MUTCD as an alternative to circular green indication for permissive left turn movement when used with PPLT control. This recommendation came as a direct result of studying driver's comprehension and behavioral characteristics along with operational benefits associated with flashing yellow arrow indication. This paper has been prepared to provide an informational overview of some of key elements of NCHRP 3-54 research including: PPLT control and display used within United States, Canada, and Europe; How MUTCD circular green indication is problematic when used for protected permitted left turn operations; Why a comprehensive research study was conducted to identify a display that would reduce safety issues and improve signal operations; Recommendations made in NCHRP 3-54 report, which includes use of flashing yellow arrow display; and. A description of operational advantages of proposed flashing yellow display.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».