Political Economy and Public Policy of Marginalization: Alternative Development, Multilevel Planning and Disadvantaged Communities in Slovenia and Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Are alternative models relevant in the context of revitalization of disadvantaged communities without the visible role of the state in building strategies? In some reasonable conditions, the state has to carry out specific tasks which would guarantee marginalized communities to become a relevant partner in creating and establishing participatory approaches. In many developed countries the inclusion schema is usually established but power relations are not reconstructed properly in a sense of a more fair cooperation between the state and disadvantaged communities. The main goal of the present paper is to problematise policies according to marginalized communities in Slovenia and Canada and to show which principles from Canadian socio-economic praxis are revenant for Slovenian reality.1 PROLOGUEWe are aware that simple causal model of alternative is too rigid when trying to picture a complex reality of strategies. Contemporary approaches to in marginalized communities are multidisciplinar/ in their nature and planned as multilevel strategies of development. Regarding theoretical approaches, scholars adapt theories, for example, from international political economy to theories of micro business to explain various themes concerning in disadvantaged communities. Due to this reason we will use the original Sundaram's2 approach of multilevel planning and adapt it to reality in Slovenia and Canada. The main issue concerning multilevel planning is to show different possible approaches regarding alternative development: topdown planning, planning from bellow and planning from within. For Sundaram,3 the issue of decentralization is of fundamental importance in relation to multilevel planning.Our focus is to warn that problem of poverty is of acute nature also in developed countries as they are Slovenia and Canada. The latter has far more developed social economy approaches which will be an important issue in this paper. Two marginalized groups are included in comparison: Aboriginal peoples of Canada and Roma community in Slovenia. Even they do not share a lot of common characteristics, the problem of continuing marginalization is evident in both cases.We will try to explain and investigate the marginalization phenomenon and possible solutions in two ways: through a political economy approach and public policy analysis. More concretely, we are interested how policy changes and participation of individuals (living in disadvantaged communities) in policies create opportunities for them. What is more, research interest is also given to the role of the state in policies and what is probably missing in defining its role in preventing marginalization.Finally, two different approaches are included in comparison: Community Economic Development approach widely used in Canada and the Government of Slovenia's National Program of Measures concerning Roma Communities the Period 2010-2015 as a core strategy for future of Roma in Slovenia. In fact, the first one is the alternative model of economic in communities (often called the initiative) which is partially independent from the state. The second example is a governmental strategy designed as top-down model of development.2 MULTILEVEL PLANNING: BEYOND THE TWO WAY DEVELOPMENTConventional distinction which assumes and determines the role of the state in planning activities presupposes top-down4 and bottom up5 approaches as the most reliable. In some sense, this linear mode of thinking is maybe too simplistic for understanding a chaotic reality in the process of activities. Sundaram6 besides the conventional view offers a third possibility which he calls a development from within saying that this is a model of with a capillary effect. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,009 | 0,007 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».